Personal protective equipment: GOST. Individual protection against electric shock. An individual remedy is ...

Individual protection means specialized tools or equipment, the main purpose of which is to ensure human security in the event of a threat from various poisonous, radioactive, bacterial and other agents that can harm life and health. At the same time, not everyone knows how they are and where they are used in principle.

What are they like?

Depending on the purpose of such means are divided into means of ensuring the safety of the skin, as well as respiratory organs. There is also a difference in the way in which the individual protection is provided for safety - these are insulating and filtering tools.

The principle of filtration in this case is that the air, which is required to maintain the normal life of the human body, in the case of passing through a specialized means of protection (for example, through the layer of activated carbon) is completely cleared of any harmful impurities.

Insulating devices provide complete isolation of the human body from possible environmental effects through specialized materials that are absolutely impermeable to air and various harmful impurities that it contains.

Preparation method

There is also a difference in the way in which technology an individual protective equipment is manufactured - these are the simplest, improvised or industrial ones.

The accumulation of the required number of individual means of industrial production protection , as well as the preliminary preparation of the simplest means of protection, made from various improvised materials, is quite a responsible job.

Storage

It should be noted that an extremely important measure in this case is the organization of storage of protective equipment, because the storage sites need to be as close as possible to those conditions that are present at the site of the employees of the facility, and if necessary, each employee should be provided as soon as possible An individual remedy is one of the most important rules. In addition, the storage conditions of this property must meet the requirements, as well as ensure its permanent technical health.

Basically, the funds are stored in specialized boxes in disassembled form. Thus, the boxes of gas masks, which are sealed with a special rubber stopper and cap, lie on the bottom of the box, after which bags and facial parts are placed on the boxes. This property should be inspected periodically, and if necessary, all detected faults must be eliminated in the shortest possible time. It is worth noting the fact that a qualified specialist must be present at the facility, which will be monitored for the storage of personal protective equipment (GOST) - this is also a very important requirement. Such an expert should fully know all the rules of storage of such property.

Giving

In the event that a threat is present, the servicemen need to provide individual protective equipment within a very short time, after which they must be kept in constant readiness. The personnel of various economic facilities, as well as employees and workers, such funds are provided directly to the enterprises of which they are employees. All other non-working population, if desired, should receive them at their place of residence or study.

Filtering gas masks

To ensure effective protection of the respiratory organs of the adult population, such filter masks as GP-4u, GP-5, GP-7 and others can be used.

In accordance with the rules of what individual protective equipment (GOST) should be, the gas mask GP-5 is a specialized box and front part. Among other things, the kit includes a specialized box equipped with non-fogging films, and a bag. Activated carbon is used as the filter element.

In its dimensions, the GP-5 box is almost half the size compared to GP-4, since its height is approximately 70 mm, while the diameter reaches 107 mm.

In accordance with what individual and personal protective equipment should look like, a standard rubber helmet-mask with fairings and goggles as well as a special valve box with exhalation and inhalation valves is used as the front face of the gas mask GP-5. The gas-mask box must be screwed directly to the valve box.

How is the growth of the helmet mask determined?

Helmet masks, which are used in the gas mask model GP-5, have five variations of growth, which must necessarily be applied from both sides of the helmet and be indicated by an Arabic figure enclosed in a circle.

In order to determine the exact growth of the helmet-mask, you need to measure the size of the head along the perimeter through such points as the cheek, chin and crown.

Measurement of the head is carried out using a special soft centimeter tape, and the resulting measurement results should be rounded to 0.5 cm.

How to check serviceability?

In accordance with the standards on how individual protective equipment is used, the verification should be carried out as follows:

1. The mask is taken from the bag.
2. The integrity of the glasses and the helmet mask is checked.
3. The gas box is carefully inspected for the presence of all kinds of holes, dents, rusts, the presence of valves and their condition is checked.

After carrying out a detailed external examination, it will be necessary to reassemble the gas mask and check how tight it is. To do this, a person should wear a face mask, completely close the hole in the box with a rubber stopper, or simply squeeze it with the palm of his hand, then take a deep breath. In the event that after that the air does not pass at all under the helmet, the gas mask is in good order. If any malfunctions or lack of components have been detected, such personal protective equipment in the workplace must be completely replaced.

How to wear a filter mask?

In accordance with how individual personal protective equipment should be used, the filtering gas mask can be worn in three basic positions:

• Ready. It is used only if there is an immediate threat of a chemical, bacteriological or nuclear attack.
• Camping. Provides for wearing a gas mask through the right shoulder on the left side in the event that at the moment there is no threat of an attack by the enemy.
• Combat.

When to wear a gas mask?

Initially, the use of a gas mask is envisaged in the course of performing various works related to the risk of respiratory tract injury, or in the process of production with a similar hazard.

Also, in accordance with how individual technical means of protection are used, the gas mask must be worn beforehand in accordance with the order of the senior chief or immediately upon the signals "Radiation hazard", "Gases" or "Chemical alarm".

Skin protection

Also, there are specialized individual means of protection against current and other injuries, which are intended to ensure the safety of clothing, shoes, open areas of the body and various items of equipment. Among other things, they make it possible to completely detain a-particles, and also significantly reduce the effect of b-particles. Depending on the principle of protective action, these facilities are divided into filter and insulating.

Isolating

Isolating means are made of specialized airtight materials. In general, elastic, and also resistant to low temperatures, rubberized fabric is used. They can be leaking or leakproof, the latter allowing the entire body to be completely closed and providing protection even from droplets of OM or vapors, while leaking means provide protection only from droplets of OM.

To isolating means of protection also it is necessary to carry the specialized protective clothes and combined arms protective kit, and also there is a special footwear. Individual means of protection of this type are used to ensure the safety of personnel in the process of carrying out work in the terrain affected by various poisonous substances.

Filtering

Filtering protectors are even ordinary clothes and clothes if they are soaked with a special soap-oil emulsion. Basically, such means represent only the primary provision of protection before special access to specialized clothing is obtained.

Protective kit

The protective kit includes protective stockings, gloves and a raincoat.

The protective cloak of this set is characterized by the presence of sides, hoses, hood and two floors, and is also equipped with bar tackles, ribbons and hats, with which you can use such a raincoat in a variety of variations. The fabric from which such a raincoat is made allows to achieve the maximum degree of protection from radioactive and poisonous substances, as well as various bacterial agents or light radiation. The weight of this cloak is about 1.6 kg.

Rubber protective gloves have obturators of special impregnated fabric, and may be summer or winter. In addition to providing protection against all kinds of vapors, they are also individual means of protection against electric shock. Summer gloves are five-fingered, while winter gloves are two-fingered, and also equipped with a special insulated liner, fastened to the buttons.

Stockings are made of special rubberized fabric, and it is worth noting the fact that their soles are strengthened with a rubber or tarpaulin saddle. Stockings that have a tarpaulin canopy are distinguished by the presence of two or three ribbons in order to ensure a secure attachment to the leg, as well as one for securing to the waist belt. Stockings with rubber noses are fixed on the legs with hoods, while the ribbon is used for fastening on the waist belt.

Thus, individual means of protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other types are used today in almost all spheres of human activity, ranging from minor repair work to the risk of infection with various substances. Many do not even suspect that their company or their office has a whole set of such equipment, which, perhaps, will some day save their lives in the event of a critical situation, while others use individual means of protection in Process of carrying out of the routine work, even without considering them something especial.