Accounting for fixed assets in the enterprise: basic and important nuances.

The activity of any enterprise is in one way or another connected with the maintenance of accounting, the purpose of which is to record and present in an easy-to-analyze form all business operations of an enterprise and to form financial statements based on the data processed. Since the bulk of the company's economic life is operations related to the acquisition, depreciation and write-off of fixed assets, it is absolutely necessary to explain the most important points concerning such a complex and responsible process as accounting of fixed assets in the enterprise.

The first and most important thing is that you need to know the beginning (and not only) accountant: the fixed assets must be properly and adequately evaluated. To do this, it is necessary to fully understand the complicated process, like valuation of the fixed assets of an enterprise, because without a proper assessment of fixed assets, the subsequent normal conduct of economic activities is impossible. In order to properly estimate the cost of the OS, it is necessary to calculate not only their price, but also all costs for their delivery, installation, preparation and commissioning costs.

Accounting for fixed assets in the enterprise also requires that the primary cost of the OS be evaluated depending on the method of obtaining them: for donated OS - this is fair (expert or market) cost, for self-produced OS - cost of production, for purchased - purchase cost. Therefore, in order to properly assess the value of the OS, it is necessary to clearly understand, in what way they were acquired, and whether the enterprise has ownership of fixed assets.

Analysis of the use of fixed assets of the enterprise also requires a careful approach to calculating and calculating depreciation on the objects of the enterprise OS.

There are such basic approaches to accrual of depreciation:

The straight-line method is a simple division of the depreciable value by the number of years of using the OS and thus calculating the amount of the annual deductions. Accounting for fixed assets in the enterprise rarely involves the use of a straightforward method, since it is the simplest and it is impossible to use the method of accelerated depreciation.

The method of reducing the balance - assumes the calculation of the depreciation rate is analogous to the straightforward method, however, multiplying it by the acceleration factor, which can not be more than three (these are the requirements of the accounting standards of our country). This method is used in the event that from year to year the efficiency of the use of equipment and other OS is reduced.

The method of the sum of years is the accrual of depreciation according to the cumulative coefficient calculated by dividing the number of remaining years of use of the machine, building or other OS object by the sum of all numbers indicating the year of use of the object. Thus, the accelerated depreciation of the value of the OS object is achieved, due to which the cost of the OS is repulsed in the shortest possible time. Accounting for fixed assets in the enterprise, especially when it comes to a large firm that uses a variety of OS objects, often involves using this particular method of calculating depreciation.

The last way of depreciation is production. To calculate the amounts necessary to make deductions for depreciation in this way, you need to calculate the percentage of production with this OS object for each of the periods, and it is it used as the depreciation rate for a given period.

This depreciation method allows you to calculate the depreciation of equipment in accordance with its actual use, however, it is quite difficult to apply, so the accounting of fixed assets in the enterprise is rarely carried out using this depreciation method.