Fire extinguishing powder. Powder fire extinguishing module. Powder fire extinguishing installations

Fire has given mankind many new opportunities. However, it was not possible to completely tame this element. Getting out of human control, the flame of fire destroys everything in its path. To extinguish fires, many devices and devices have been invented. They are based on the use of different materials. Possible fire extinguishing powder, gas, water.

Basic principles of using fire extinguishing powders

For the first time this method of fighting fire is mentioned in the late 19th century, when a German colonel extinguished a fire with aluminum alum and a charge for spraying them. In Russia, powder fire extinguishing began to develop actively after the creation of N. Shevtal fire extinguisher filled with alum, bicarbonate soda, a small amount of land. Such funds were also necessary for pacifying fire at nuclear power plants. Fire extinguishing powder consists in the supply of a certain composition (powder) into the fire zone. Widely used such devices for pacifying fire in the zone that is under tension, as well as in severe climatic conditions (at low temperatures).

Powders used in plants

The mixture used to eliminate fire may contain components such as potassium chloride (sodium), ammonium phosphate (sulphate) , potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate, alumina-containing substances, alkali metal chlorides. Non-inflammable base, hydrophobizer, depressant, antioxidants - that's an approximate composition of the powder material for extinguishing. Once in the affected area, the components of the mixture are heated. Due to the fact that heat costs occur, the combustion zone is cooled. They also create an obstacle to the further spread of the elements. There is also an inhibition of chemical reactions.

Classification of fire extinguishing installations with powders

Powder fire extinguishing is accomplished by means of special devices. Depending on the method of controlling such installations, the following types are distinguished:

1. Automatic settings - the ignition is detected automatically, the corresponding signal is sent to start the device.

2. When manually starting (remote), this signal is transmitted manually.

3. There are also autonomous installations, they do not depend on either power supplies or control. Depending on what the method of storing the composition, there are installations of a modular type, as well as with centralized storage.

Different types of powder extinguishing modules

Modules and installations, the action of which is based on the use of various powders, is suitable for extinguishing practically all classes of fires. The powder fire extinguishing module "Buran" is used for electrical equipment that is under voltage. Its modifications are recommended for use in production, storage rooms, suspended ceilings. In residential buildings, offices, etc., you can use "Mongoose-6". Another module of powder fire extinguishing is used in areas where the probability of explosions is high. Module "Tornado" is characterized by its speed. It has an indestructible case. Not intended to extinguish organometallic compounds. In the subway, ground transport, powder fire extinguishing installations OSP-1 are widely used. They are intended to eliminate fire without the participation of people. Another universal installation - "Titan". It is used in warehouses, electrical cabinets, administrative and other buildings. There is also a special powder-extinguishing car. It is equipped with a powder storage chamber, a compressor unit. The volley powder extinguishing system is also effectively used.

What determines the efficiency of the use of plants

A significant role in the elimination of fire is the degree of grinding of the constituents of the mixture. If the powder has rather small particles, its application will be ineffective. The supply to the fire is difficult. As a rule, fractions have a size of 40 to 80 microns. The chemical composition also has a considerable influence on the quenching process. From the best side, chemical agents have proven themselves. In this case, the fire extinguishing powder will be more effective due to the reduction in the burning rate. Also, such substances prevent the spread of fire. Thermal mixtures only lower the temperature in the combustion region. An important factor in the effective operation is the time for which the installation is triggered. Some models require only a few seconds to begin functioning. In the composition of powders, adsorbents are often introduced. This is their considerable merit, especially if such modules are used to extinguish oil products. Adsorption of such a liquid occurs, accordingly, the fire decays. A similar effect can be achieved with the introduction of schungite.

Advantages of extinguishing fires with powders

This method of extinguishing fires has a number of advantages. First of all, they are safe and non-toxic. Fire extinguishing powder effectively fights with the elements. In addition, the earliest stages of extinguishing are dispensed with without the participation of people. Powders - a universal tool that can be used both for the elimination of combustion of solid, liquid, gaseous substances, and for the processing of electrical equipment and installations that are under tension. Another undoubted advantage is a gentle influence on objects. Water, foam methods can cause additional damage to material values, interior items. Automatic powder fire extinguishing preserves the property of a person. Also, similar installations and modules differ in their speed. The launch takes place within a few seconds. In addition, the cost of powder fire extinguishing systems is low, installation is easy in execution. The disadvantages are low penetrating ability. Also, some degree of contamination of things is possible. It is not recommended to use powder modules in rooms with equipment that has many open small areas.