Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.

The ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a long process of action of aggression factors on the wall of the stomach and intestines, as a result of which it collapses and a defect is formed.

Etiology of the disease

Peptic ulcer is one of numerous pathologies that is provoked by many factors. To assert that any specific cause causes the development of a mucosal defect, no one undertakes. That is why this process can be called polyethic, i.e. Developing under the influence of many factors. If the pathological factor passes the stomach, but affects the intestine, then the ulcer of the duodenum is formed. The causes of development are approximately the same for the stomach and intestines.

There are a number of conditions that physicians and professors put on the forefront in the development of peptic ulcer disease. These include:

- persistence of Helicobacter pylori infection

- a significant reduction in protection factors and an increase in the factors of aggression

- malnutrition

- the use of a large number of medicines tropic to the stomach and intestinal mucosa

- increased excitability of the nervous system, frequent stresses

- reception of toxic and poisonous substances

- a hereditary burden of anamnesis.

It should be noted that the ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is not an instant pathology. As a rule, this disease develops for a long time. All of the above factors, of course, have a great influence in the onset of the disease, but why one ulcer develops in one, but does not form in another person who leads the same way of life, no one can answer.

Statistical studies indicate that the ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is most often manifested during psychoemotional overload of the patient, while other factors could influence the intestinal wall for a long time.

Pathogenesis of ulceration

The ulcer of the stomach and duodenum begins to form in the weak spot of the mucous membrane. The impact of factors of aggression on cells leads to a gradual destruction of them - erosion occurs. As a result of progression, the defect becomes deeper - an ulcer is formed.

The magnitude of ulcerative education depends on the time of formation of the disease, the consistency of the body's immune system and the timeliness of the treatment begun.

In terms of size, I distinguish three types of defects:

- up to half a centimeter - is considered a small ulcer

- up to 30 millimeters - this is an average ulcerative defect

- More than 3 centimeters - a large ulcer.

There is also the concept of multiple ulcerative lesions. This formation on the surface of more than two defects of different sizes.

Symptomatic of the disease

There is a so-called painless form or "silent ulcers". This process of ulceration is very dangerous development of complications, and acute nature. Therefore, patients get on the operating table with the existing internal bleeding as a complication of the ulcerative defect.

The classic form of peptic ulcer begins with a painful syndrome in the epigastric region. If the process is localized in the region of the stomach, the pain most often occurs some time after eating. But the ulcer of the duodenum begins to show itself pain only 1-2 hours after eating.

Pain can irradiate into the left arm, scapula. Sometimes even a painful ulcer syndrome is confused with cardiac pathology. However, pain with ulcers has a clear connection with eating.

Pain is the main symptom of this disease, which worries patients the most. But there are a number of signs that are not "conspicuous", but they also occur in people with ulcers.

For example, feelings of bloating and heaviness after eating. The patient may complain that the "intestine does not work" or the food is not digested. Often people with pathology of the intestines and stomach mark the occurrence of belching and heartburn, after an error in the diet.

Duodenal ulcer: consequences and possible complications

Any ulcerative defect has several outcomes. The most favorable of them is convalescence or scarring. In practice, peptic ulcer often recursive, with periods of remission and exacerbation.

However, there is a risk of complicating the ulcerative defect:

- Bleeding

- breakthrough of a ulcerative defect into the abdominal cavity or adjacent organs

- cancerous degeneration

- narrowing of the stomach or duodenum.

The regimen for treatment of peptic ulcer includes: omeprozole (one tablet 2 times a day), de-nol or other antacid preparations (the interval between taking omeprozole and de-nol should be at least two hours). In addition to this, a scheme of anti-Helicobacter therapy is applied.