HealthDiseases and Conditions

Cause of Breast Cyst, Symptoms and Treatment

One of the frequent diseases in the female population is the cyst of the breast. Pathology, according to statistics, is most often detected in patients aged 35-55 years who have not yet given birth to a child. What is an ailment, how dangerous is it? What is the cause of the appearance of the cyst of the breast, and how to fight the disease?

Characteristics of pathology

It is necessary to understand, before the reason of occurrence of a cyst of a mammary gland will be considered , what is it such?

This pathology is a cavity filled with a liquid. The cyst is formed most often from lobules of the gland or milk ducts. This phenomenon is due to excessive growth of the surrounding tissue. As a result, the secret of the mammary glands stagnates in the enlarged ducts. Gradually, it accumulates. It is from a large amount of this secret that a cyst is formed.

Such a tumor is benign. However, it should not be ignored. Treatment of pathology is mandatory.

The cyst is a dense formation. During palpation, it can cause painful sensations. Often, such education causes discomfort in everyday life. Most often, the pain is triggered by the growth of the cyst. As the tumor develops, it squeezes adjacent tissues and can affect the nerve endings.

But you should know that palpation does not always help to identify this education. It is palpable, as a rule, in the event that it has reached a large size of the breast cyst.

Causes

What causes pathology? Doctors say that the main cause of the development of a breast cyst is a broken hormonal background. Excess production of estrogens and prolactin suppresses the synthesis of other hormones. The whole organism suffers from such changes.

The cause of the development of a breast cyst may be dictated by the following factors, leading to a hormonal imbalance:

  • A variety of neuroendocrine pathologies;
  • Genetic predisposition;
  • Prolonged severe stress;
  • Absence of labor in women over 30;
  • Abortions;
  • Late or early menopause;
  • Gynecological hormonal pathologies (most often diseases associated with the ovaries);
  • diabetes;
  • Use of hormonal contraception;
  • Early puberty;
  • obesity;
  • Refusal of lactation or prolonged breast-feeding;
  • Inflammatory processes that occur in the mammary glands;
  • Excessive insolation, long thermal procedures;
  • Traumatism of mammary glands.

Classification of pathology

The doctors study the cause of the development of the breast cyst and its types. Pathology can manifest itself in a variety of forms.

In accordance with the number of formations, there are:

  1. Solitary. Single tumor of benign species. The liquid can be of different colors. The tumor is similar to a dense capsule. This formation affects only one breast.
  2. Polycystic - multiple formations.

Cysts differ in size:

  • Small forms (formation up to 20 mm);
  • Large;
  • Giant.

By the number of cavities, the formation can be:

  1. Single chamber.
  2. Multi-chamber. Several tumors are formed, differing in small sizes. In the process of growth, they combine into one cyst. This is an extremely unpleasant form of pathology, which can develop into cancer.

There are other forms of pathology. But regardless of the variety, it is the disturbed hormonal background that is the main cause of the development of the breast cyst.

Types of formations:

  1. Fibrous. A tumor that plays an important role in the formation of oncology. A characteristic feature of this formation is the proliferation of connective tissue. As a result, new cavities are formed, filled with liquid. The latter is often allocated from the nipples.
  2. Atypical. A benign cyst that grows inside the cavity as a result of the lack of walls. Often, it is localized in the dilated duct. The tumor can be inflamed, it can periodically recur. Sometimes papillomatous malignant cells may be present in the cavity.
  3. Fatty. Benign tumor with smooth walls. It is filled with milk. This pathology is caused by clogging of the sebaceous gland during lactation, pregnancy.
  4. Protocol. Another type of benign cyst. It is formed in women, usually in adulthood. This education is classified as a precancerous condition.

Symptomatic of the disease

Of course, interest is not only the cause of the development of the cyst of the breast. Symptoms characteristic of the disease - this is an important point, which should be familiar to every woman. After all, unfortunately, not one of them is insured against the disease.

If the formation is small in magnitude, the pathology can develop without any symptoms. Complaints in patients occur most often when the formation has grown.

For a cyst, this symptomatology is typical:

  • headache;
  • A feeling of constant heaviness, burning;
  • In the period of 2-phase menstrual pain in the chest can be worse;
  • In the mammary gland a dense formation is formed;
  • There is nervousness;
  • From the nipple a liquid is released;
  • Discomfortable sensations arise in the lower abdominal cavity.

Sometimes a cyst can become inflamed. In this case, the following signs of pathology are observed:

  • Redness of the breast;
  • Strong painful discomfort in the area of localization of education;
  • Elevated temperature;
  • Swelling;
  • Sensation of weakness;
  • Reduced working capacity;
  • Increased drowsiness.

Possible complications

There is an opinion that the cyst is the initial stage of development of oncology. This statement is incorrect. The cyst located in the mammary gland does not pose a health hazard. However, to remain indifferent to this pathology is not worth it. Despite the fact that education rarely turns into cancer, there are still cases when the cyst degenerates into a malignant tumor.

In addition, it is capable of provoking a number of unpleasant phenomena. There is always a risk of suppuration or inflammation of the cyst. In this case, purulent mastitis or cancer can develop.

Methods of diagnosis

Based only on the symptoms, it is impossible to confirm the disease. Therefore, if you have any doubts, be sure to contact a competent specialist. Diagnosis and the cause of the development of the breast cyst are moments that the doctor will explain in detail. Initially, the doctor will examine the chest.

Then the following studies will be assigned:

  1. Mammography. This is a special X-ray of the mammary glands. It allows you to determine the presence of the cyst, its location, magnitude, shape. With the help of this survey, the place for the puncture of the cyst is determined.
  2. MRI. The study more accurately determines all the properties of the cyst. In addition, it gives a picture of the slightest changes in tissues.
  3. Ultrasound. Shows shape, size of education. During the procedure, the elastography method is carried out. He gives an idea of the elasticity of tissues.
  4. Cytological analysis. Take biological material from the tumor. This analysis allows to determine whether malignant cells are present in the tumor.
  5. Doppler study. It allows to determine the formation with a smooth wall. If the content is homogeneous and there is no movement of blood, doctors make conclusions about the nature of the tumor.
  6. Pneumocystography. The study allows you to examine the walls of the capsule.

The final diagnosis is usually made after a biopsy.

Methods of treatment

Now you know what is causing the cyst of the breast. How to treat this disease?

To combat the disease, several methods have been developed:

  • Conservative therapy;
  • surgical intervention;
  • Folk methods of treatment.

Only a doctor can determine the feasibility of the chosen direction.

Conservative therapy

This method is undertaken only in the early stages, with neoplasm of no more than 0.5 mm. In this case conservative therapy is effective enough. Even regardless of (such a pathology as the cyst of the breast) the causes of the occurrence.

Treatment involves the following methods, allowing to achieve the disappearance of the tumor:

  1. Medications. They are selected on the basis of the survey. The main goal of such drugs is the restoration of the normal hormonal balance.
  2. Puncture. The formation is pierced. The fluid is pumped from the cyst. Then a special solution is introduced to ensure the disappearance of the capsule.
  3. Aspiration. With the help of a thin tube from the neoplasm, liquid is drawn.

If a cyst is found, a woman needs to visit annually not only the endocrinologist, gynecologist, immunologist. It is necessary to be surveyed at mammologist.

Surgical intervention

If conservative treatment does not bring the desired effect or pathology is already started, resort to prompt removal. Surgical intervention is also prescribed if malignant cells are found in the cyst.

It is very important that you understand not only the cause of the development of the breast cyst, but also the need for timely fighting with it. After all, in the early stages of the tumor you can get rid of conservative methods.

The operation is performed under general anesthesia. A cystic formation is excised by a surgeon. Together with it, the tissues adjacent to the tumor are removed.

Folk remedies

Good results can give grandmother's recipes. However, before applying them, be sure to coordinate the treatment with your doctor.

The following tools are most effective in cyst therapy:

  1. Red beetroot. Rub the root on a melon grater. Heat the gruel on a "wet bath". Then add the vinegar - 2 tbsp. L. Such gruel should be applied as a compress to the cyst. Hold the compress all night. The procedure should be repeated daily for one decade.
  2. Cabbage leaf. This method is recommended for pain. A sheet of ordinary white cabbage should be greased with butter. Apply such a natural compress to the area of cyst localization. From above, you can wear a tight bra or wrap around the bandage.
  3. Carrot. This is another great tool for compress. Carrots should be grated. Then the gruel is applied under the bandage to the cyst.

Prognosis of pathology

It is very important to eliminate, so as not to provoke a relapse of such a disease as the cyst of the breast, the causes of the onset. The prognosis of pathology in most cases depends on this. If you do not get rid of predisposing factors, you can not exclude the emergence of a new education. In addition, hormonal failure may occur throughout the body, leading to a loss of fertility. That's why you should strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations.

Basically, with timely treatment and full implementation of all the advice of a specialist, the forecast is quite favorable.

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