Protection of grapes from pests and diseases. Grape processing in spring

Today, the focus of our attention is the protection of grapes from pests and diseases. In fact, this is a very important point, because most gardeners are faced with the fact that they have a huge vine growing on the site, which takes a huge amount of free space, time and effort, and as a result, you do not get the proper harvest from it. In a few years everyone comes up with the idea of throwing a useless plant and buying berries in the market. However, everything is not so hopeless, it is just necessary to understand what prevents the growth and development of the vine. In addition, it will be useful to learn how modern protection of grapes from pests and diseases is carried out. Only with such an arsenal of knowledge can you get a decent result.

Vine care: spring pruning

The hot season begins ... You need to plant a young vine in the garden or unwrap and tie the already overwintered. In order to ensure decent conditions for the growth and development of grapes, it is necessary to install a fence, on which we will tie a whip, and also it is advisable to check out young shoots. To grow a strong and healthy bush, you need to leave 1-2 of the strongest shoots. All the rest must be broken. The shoots should be tied up in an upright position, slightly pulling to activate their growth. In order for the vine to grow strong and healthy, you need to remove the stepson throughout the season, otherwise you will have a lot of greenery and few fruits. Especially it concerns double and triple, growing from one sinus. The goal is this: by autumn the young bush should have three or four powerful shoots, and not a huge heap of stunted and weak. At the same time, it is necessary to break off all the tendrils (still you tie the vine), and on the bush, less than three years, all the ovaries are also removed. You do not need to strive to save the harvest: while the bush has one task - grow big and strong. This is the basis for grooming, but in addition you need to know how to protect the grapes from pests and diseases. The choice of preparations for chemical treatment today is huge.

Basic knowledge

Grapes are loved not only by people. A huge number of different fungi, microorganisms and insects do not mind eating a green part or juicy fruits. That is why the protection of grapes from pests and diseases is so important. The most important "enemies" can be called fungal diseases, which can lead to a complete loss of harvest, in the most severe cases, the bush itself can die. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out regular processing. Grapes in the spring are very susceptible to the attack of various microorganisms, and it is at this time that the beginnings of the future bunches are laid.

Today, new varieties of grapes have appeared , which are more resistant to fungal diseases. It's Talisman, Arcadia, Codreanque. However, in certain years there is an increased activity of bacteria and microorganisms, and even these hybrids are successfully affected by them, even to a lesser extent. Usually the result is a partial loss of crops and a slight defeat of the bushes. That is why grapes in the spring should be treated with special preparations that prevent the development of harmful bacteria.

The most dangerous fungal diseases

The first in the siskin is mildew. The most dangerous and harmful fungal disease of European varieties of grapes. Defeat is very easy to recognize: leaf tissues are lightened, they appear yellow, almost transparent spots. If in dry and hot weather this development stops, then with wet and warm weather on the underside of the leaf appears fluff. In a short time the whole plant is affected, including the antennae, inflorescences, crests and young berries. Infected inflorescences change color, become brown, curl and wither. Affected berries first turn blue, then brown, shrivel and wither. Grapes in the spring are processed first of all in order to avoid this disease. Go ahead.

The second dangerous disease is called oidium. Here, varieties and hybrids do not matter, they are susceptible to an ailment and to subterranean plants. However, its signs are not so obvious. The plants affected by the fungus develop poorly, lag behind in growth. Then the leaf plate changes its appearance: it wrinkles, becomes stained, grayish white. Approximately since June, the development of the disease reaches its apogee: the leaves wither, shoots are covered with dark spots. Affected inflorescences perish, berries wrinkle and dry up. If the sick vine leaves for the winter, then it usually strongly freezes, and the next year the kidneys on it may not completely dissolve. To avoid such trouble, processing of grapes should be made in the early spring.

Another common disease - anthracnose grape. It affects the entire bush: leaves, stems, antennae and ridges. They appear dark brown spots, later in these places the tissue dies and is showered. A strong spread, like the outbreak of this disease, occurs in rainy, damp weather.

Often on the bush, you can find signs of a disease such as gray rot. Processing of grapes will help to save the vine from this scourge. It is very rare in dry and hot weather, but with often falling rain starts to spread with a fantastic speed. It affects all the green parts of the plant, but the biggest damage is caused by gray rot. Affected inflorescences become brown and die. It should be noted that whole, green berries from the fungus practically do not suffer. However, clusters, hammered or damaged by insects, are susceptible to its effects. But as the fruit ripens, the fruits soften and begin to get infected with bacteria in large numbers, so you will hardly be able to harvest. Gray rot - fungus is widespread, so treatment in the spring becomes the only way to protect the vine from the aforementioned infection. Black and white rot also appear in a similar way.

Infectious lesions

It is often possible to observe in the garden area a widespread and extremely dangerous disease, known as infectious shrinking of bushes, caused by a group of parasitic fungi. Plants are delayed in growth and development, later they release leaves. Most often, as the temperature of the environment rises, the disease begins to progress with a doubled force. This leads to the complete destruction of the bush.

Bacterial cancer is another serious disease that causes the formation of growths on the body of the vine. Gradually, tissue destruction occurs, while falling off the plant, spores of growths retain viability for a long time in the earth. There are no methods of struggle, it is necessary to uproot the plant.

Fungicides

To combat mildew use copper-containing drugs, for example, Bordeaux mixture, as well as systemic fungicides for plants. It can be "Ridomil Gold", "Carbio Top" and many others. The fight against oidium includes a number of measures for the prevention and treatment of the disease. It should start with preventive measures, namely with the spraying of powdered sulfur in a dry, windless weather. It is desirable that it was the morning or evening hours. However, today there are effective fungicides for plants that can be combined with preparations protecting plants from mildew. These are such drugs as Strobi, Alto Super Topaz, Vektra, Falcon, Fundazol and many others. The processing time may vary depending on the degree of injury. A severely damaged bush needs to be treated literally with the appearance of the first kidneys, that is, immediately after the hanging. If there are no lesions or they are weak, we can perform the treatment in accordance with the scheme, which we will give below.

The struggle with anthracnose is carried out in the spring with the help of the Bordeaux mixture. Subsequent treatment occurs with spraying from mildew, that is, fungicides are added to copper-containing preparations. Gray rot is the trouble of many horticultural farms, and fungicides such as "Ronilan", "Rovlan", "Euparen", "Topsin", "Sumileks" are used to fight it. It is permissible to produce 4 treatments per season. If there is little precipitation, then you can do with two or three sprayings. From white rot, such systemic fungicides as "Captan", "Phtalon", "Tsineb" help very well. It is especially important to make processing after the hail has passed and has beaten berries. Against black rot, "Bayleton", "Bytan" and "Topaz" work perfectly.

Systemic and contact fungicides

Today, the market has a large selection of funds so that everyone can find the right fungicides. Comments of leading experts in the field of agricultural technology confirm that their use makes it possible to completely secure the vine. These are chemical preparations that destroy or prevent the development of fungal diseases. Distinguish treating and protective fungicides. The former are used to prevent infection, and the latter are used to suppress the development of the disease.

All preparations for grapes are divided into contact and system. The first are able to penetrate into the plant and freely move through its tissues, suppressing the penetrated infection. These are such tools as "Ridomil Gold", "Quadrice", "Folpan" and "Mankoceb". They are more active against mildew. Against the oidium works well Vectra, Strobi, Topaz and Falcon. Systemic fungicides are used for prevention and treatment, and there is no need to repeatedly repeat the treatment, because after a short period of time the drug penetrates into the plant and continues to operate from the inside for a long time. It is enough to process the garden before and after flowering, as well as before the ripening of berries - and the disease will bypass your garden side.

However, the protection of grapes in the spring is most often carried out with the help of contact fungicides. This is the famous Bordeaux fluid, sulfur, "Tivit Jet" and many others. It is very important to apply the composition on the leaves with quality, and after the rain, the treatment should be repeated. Repeated spraying is performed up to 10 times per season. These funds are more used for the prevention of the disease, but if the lesion is obvious, then urgent treatment with systemic fungicides is necessary.

"Syngenta": scheme of protection of grapes

To the horticulturist did not have to make a scheme of carrying out treatments himself, by trial and error, we will give you a proven option, which you can safely adhere to. In the spring, before swelling of the kidneys, it is necessary to protect the culture from wintering mites and black spotting. An excellent choice will be Nitrafen Dnok. Its concentration may be 1-2%. As soon as the green mass begins to grow, it is necessary to repeat the treatment. For these purposes take Bordeaux fluid, which adds "Fozalon". This procedure helps to protect against black patchiness and eutipoza, and also drives away such pests, as skosari-scoops and moths. When there are 4-5 leaves, another treatment is performed, at this time, fungicides are used to protect the grapes, like "Homecin" and "Polichom". For protection against pests, various leaf rollers, choose "Chlorophos" or "Fozalon".

After flowering, the probability of defeat with fungal diseases persists, so you need to make another treatment with sulfur from the oidium, "Euparen" from gray rot, "Homecine" or "Polychrome" from mildew and black spot. In addition, it is not superfluous to sprinkle grapes from mites with the drug "Rogor". Closer to autumn, it is good to treat the vine with hexachlorane solution. This is the most famous, though not the only, system. There are other schemes for protecting grapes, the use of which will make it possible to forget about such a problem as vine diseases.

Herbicides for vineyards

Grass in the vineyard - this is not the biggest trouble, but if the area is large, then you should use the achievements of science. One of the safest means is the herbicide "Tornado". It completely relieves you from the need to perform weeding. At the same time, the product is absolutely safe and permissible when used in crop rotation. Effective in any temperature range.

Biological preparations, insecticides

As is known, pests are not only fungi and viruses - insects also contribute to damage to the vine. Since our task is to fully preserve the bush, it is necessary to know about such a company as "Syngenta", which produces an insecticide of the highest quality. In particular, we can distinguish the drug "Proklam" - it protects against lepidopterous pests. Effective and with respect to caterpillars scoops, moths and whitecaps. The second drug of this manufacturer is "Vertimek." It is also of biological origin, and the active substance is a product of the vital activity of the soil microorganism.

What is interesting about the drug "Proklam"? It penetrates inside the plant tissue in just a few minutes, and an hour later it collapses on the surface. Suppresses any Lepidoptera, and also enhances the effect of other drugs, which are aimed at fighting thrips and lungwort. How do these grapes work? The main action is intestinal, that is, the caterpillar absorbs pieces of the plant, stops eating in an hour, and dies after a few hours.

There is one more important point. The drug also acts on the larva. The egg, on which the remedy has fallen, either completely freezes, or the larva dies after it gnaws through the shell. "Proklam" is a drug that can be used once, but at the same time you protect the vine immediately from three generations of insects. Agree, this is an excellent result! All these means of protection of grapes are created for the maximum convenience and thus will demand the minimum expenses.

Winged pests

There is another category of insects, which is very fond of eating sweet berries. By the time the bunches are filled with juices, the wasps, bees and birds fly to them. In this case, the greatest problem is the protection of grapes from wasps. All summer these predatory insects reliably protect the garden from pests, experiencing the need for protein foods. However, closer to autumn they become real agricultural pests, as they can spoil a lot of juicy berries, and painful bites can be a real problem for those who are suitable for harvesting.

During this period, it is already extremely undesirable to use chemical preparations, since berries are already ready for consumption, and all chemicals can remain in the juicy pulp. In fact, such grapes are already unsuitable for food. Mechanical destruction will not help if there is a large colony of insects nearby. Therefore, horticulturists have to invent various traps, use smoke bombs and other devices. This is how the protection of grapes from wasps. It is best to find a nest and at night, when they are all inside, spray the suitable insecticide. Empty the nest to be removed and destroyed.

If you can not locate the wasps, try at least to set the traps. To do this, plastic bottles are suitable, which can be smeared with jam or honey, and pour soapy solution on the bottom, in which persistent insects will sink. If you have an old jam, you can pour it into a bottle, mixing it with water. Once bogged down in a sticky solution, the wasps will also die. Another method, successfully used by gardeners, is protective nets, which are put on bunches. The same option will protect the crop from birds.

Protecting grapes with folk remedies

Treatment of grapes can be carried out and with the help of folk methods, namely the broths of various herbs. This is a relatively safe means, which, unlike chemical preparations, can be used at any time of the year, regardless of the degree of ripening of the berries. The most accessible means is the onion peel. From it prepare a decoction: half the buckets of husks are flooded with water and boiled for 20 minutes. After that, it is left to stand for 24 hours. Then add the mixture to the volume of one bucket, add one tablespoon of honey, filter and spray the grapes. In the same way, a decoction of celandine and comfrey is used. In addition, for the preparation of infusions use the old hay, in which lactic acid is added. You can also use St. John's Wort. All these tools are not very reliable, they need to be treated very often, since rain or dew will wash them off without a trace. Do not forget that caterpillars and other pests do not usually react to such methods of struggle, so it's much easier to buy modern medicines than to spend time and energy on them. This guarantees an excellent result in a short time, besides, they are not so expensive.

Summing up, I want to note that protecting grapes from pests and insects is necessary if you want to consistently get a good harvest. By skipping the treatment, you risk every time, but the use of modern fungicides does not take much time. Yes, the care of the vine is labor-intensive, but the harvest will also please. And of course, it makes sense to make sure that the result of your work is the maximum.