What is the main means of physical education of children?

Physical education of the child is the most important aspect of the all-round development of the individual. It contributes to the formation of a small person such positive qualities as diligence, will and collectivism. In addition, physical education pursues health goals. It helps in the formation of the right bending of the spine, in strengthening the ligamentous-joint and muscular system, in the development of the arches of the foot and the perfection of the work of the respiratory organs, vessels and heart.

Means of physical education

How can we solve such important tasks that allow a child to grow up as a healthy and harmoniously developed personality? For this, the following means of physical education of preschool children are used:

• Hygienic factors;
• physical exercises;
• Forces of nature, etc.

To achieve a multifaceted impact on the child's body is possible only with the combined use of all of the above means. This will contribute to the physical education of children.

An important role in this case is given to hygiene factors. It is a mode of sleep and exercise, nutrition and wakefulness. In addition, educators and parents should teach children hygiene shoes and clothes, as well as cleaning group rooms, physical training equipment and devices.

The working capacity of a small person greatly increases and from the natural factors of nature, such as water, air and sun. The child in the open air activates the functional capabilities of the body. Natural factors contribute to hardening. In addition, they are used to train the mechanisms of thermoregulation of the body. And the use of natural natural forces in combination with various physical exercises allows you to accelerate the metabolic processes and increase the body's defenses.

The importance of active movements

What is the main means of physical education of a child? The answer is unequivocal. This is physical exercise. They are used to solve a whole set of educational and health problems, the purpose of which is to comprehensively develop the personality of a small person.

The child performs many motor actions, which are very diverse. He sculpts and draws, plays and dances. The totality of such movements is combined into a holistic action.

A bit of history

Why do we consider physical exercises as the main means of physical education? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to make a short trip to the past. In ancient times physical exercises were an integral part of human life. With their help, he satisfied the need for shelter and food, continuation of the family, warmth, etc. Then the person passed through various stages of his development. Together with him, his movements became more and more perfect.

What facilitated the emergence of physical exercises? They appeared due to work, hunting and even wars. Man needed to survive. That is why he perfected such qualities of his body as strength and dexterity, endurance, quickness and flexibility. Almost all classes required from the person skill and ability to perform certain actions. That is why before going on a hunt, people applied images of animals to the rocks and shot them with bows. It was a kind of training, thanks to which the hunter acquired the skills necessary for catching the beast.

The appearance of physical exercises became possible due to labor processes and religious rituals, as well as many other events that took place in society. With the development of civilization, the similarity between labor and physical exercises gradually lost. At the same time from a variety of motor activities gradually began to isolate certain actions. They began to be used in physical education of personality and called exercises. It was throwing and running, jumping, swimming, etc. Special exercises were also created for the development of a particular group of muscles. They were carried out with or without objects.

Widespread games were received also in the distant past. It is loved by many nappies, burners, tricks and much more. Over time, there were sports games (football and hockey, tennis and basketball, etc.).
The creation and further development of physical exercises does not stop today. The development of ever more new and improved systems that allow the development of the motor activity of children continues.

What is physical exercise?

The life of any person is impossible without active movements. They are especially important for the developing child's organism. On the question of what is the main means of physical education, you can give an unambiguous answer. And this is confirmed not only by the theoretical, but also by the practical knowledge of pedagogy. The main specific means of physical education for a person is physical exercise. They are used in a complex, simultaneously solving educational and health problems.

A variety of exercises as the main means of physical education quite effectively produce a correction of the psychophysical state of the developing baby's body.

According to the practice and the theory of physical education, the term "exercise" has 2 meanings. First of all, with its help determine the types of various motor actions. They are the means of physical education. In addition, under the exercises are understood repeatedly reproduced actions, planned in accordance with the guidelines. Both explanations of the term have a close connection. However, there are some differences between them. In the first treatment of the word "exercise", it is mainly about how the instruments affect the physical condition of children. The second explanation explains how this effect is produced.

What is attributed to physical exercises?

Not all active movements of children contribute to the educational process. The main means of physical education in the form of exercises takes place only when the activity of the kids is aimed at solving the problems of harmonious development of the individual, and is subordinated to all the rules of the pedagogical process. Such movements can be running, walking, swimming, etc. They play the role of a means of physical education for preschool children. Such movements contribute to ensuring the functional activity of the body and improving the psychophysical qualities of the individual. It is only necessary always to remember which means of physical education is the main one, and not to identify it with certain domestic and labor activities.

Contents of training movements

Physical exercises consist of certain motor actions and those processes that take place in all systems of the body. Carrying out active activities with children involves the provision of a conscious attitude aimed at achieving the desired result of actions. This corresponds to the tasks that teachers face.

Why physical exercises are the main means of education? Because when they are performed, there is a significant activation of mental processes and motor representations. Develops imagination, attention, memory, etc. In addition, due to the performance of physical exercises, the cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems are strengthened. Active movements require from children some willful efforts, which contributes to the development of the emotional sphere and sensorimotor functions.

Exercise Technique

This concept includes the way in which the necessary movements are performed. The technique of exercises can be different. This refers to the speed and methods of execution (back forward, on the toes, etc.). The choice of this or that technique has a huge impact on the results of the exercises performed. In addition, during the training is often used sports equipment, which allows you to bring the movement to perfection.

The technique of any physical exercise has three components. The first of these is the basis. These are the main elements of the exercise, which are designed to solve motor problems. The second component of the technique of active pursuits is the determining link. This is the part of the movement that is decisive. An example of a decisive link can be the repulsion of the feet when jumping in place. There are also details of the technique of exercises. They are secondary features of active actions that can be changed.

Age features of classes

Most parents know what is the main means of physical education of children. That is why, since the early period of the life of the child, the fathers and mothers are active with their children. And the movements of the child must correspond to his age. So, in the infants, the baby is only capable of passive exercises or passive-active exercises that adults can do to help him. These classes are accompanied by air baths and massages. Growing up, the baby starts to crawl, prepares for walking, rolls and throws the ball. At this age, these movements are the physical exercises that are necessary for the development of the personality.

More complex classes are held with children aged 5-6 years. What is the main means of physical education at this age? All the same general development exercises. Only grown-up babies should already perform:

• Various types of running, walking, jumping and climbing;
• Building, turning and rebuilding;
• dance moves.

Forms of training

The main specific means of physical education, which are exercises, can be implemented in different ways. The main forms of active training for children are:

• Fizkultminutki;
• Morning gymnastics;
• Physical education;
• outdoor games;
• Self-study.

Morning exercises

The main specific means of physical education are various exercises. Their implementation is carried out with the help of such a component included in the day of the toddlers mode, like the morning exercises. Her exercises allow you to remove some of the inhibition left after a night's sleep. This ensures the training of all muscle groups, which contributes to the formation of a good posture and prepares a fragile baby organism for further exercise.

The duration of such training depends on the age of the toddlers. So, the younger group needs to exercise for 4-5 minutes. Senior kindergartners require classes lasting 10-12 minutes.

All the exercises in this case are selected in such a way that the sequential development of various muscle groups from the shoulder girdle to the feet is carried out. Further, movements that enhance metabolism in the body are used. These are various jumps, alternating with a light jog. The last stage of morning exercises regulates the work of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This is possible when doing exercises in walking, dancing steps, etc.

Fizkultminutka

The main specific means of physical education are short-term classes. These are physical exercises, which are recommended to be conducted in the middle, as well as in the senior and preparatory groups in the course of classes or in breaks between them. Even short-term motor activity can relieve fatigue and restore a positive emotional state.

There is a physical sitting sitting. It is organized and standing at the tables, for which children are engaged. It includes two or three exercises for the movement of hands, extension of the trunk, as well as steps in place. All this activates the work of the muscles and expands the thorax. Perform such exercises no more than one or two minutes.

Outdoor games

In pedagogy quite often use and one more form of work with children. This is a moving game. As a means of physical education such activities:

• Expand the motor experience of the child, enriching it with both new and more complex movements;
• Improve the motor skills available to children;
• Educate activity, independence, as well as positive attitudes in the peer group;
• Develop such motor qualities, as endurance, quickness and dexterity.

Movable games as the main means and methods of physical education are planned by the teacher in advance. In this case, they are included in the day mode of the kids. In the morning children play by themselves. They continue after, already on a walk. Only here they are one of the forms of the teacher's daily work. The duration of organized outdoor games and outdoor activities is usually 30-40 minutes. In the evening hours, such occupations are allocated 10-15 minutes. This form of physical education strengthens the health of children and strengthens their body. It is good, if during such exercises children will be provided with an inventory and sports aids stimulating the motor activity.

Self-study

Physical exercises can be performed at will and initiative of children. In this case, they will be an independent occupation. Nevertheless, such motor activity should be under the constant supervision of the educator. This form of work with the kids is aimed at developing the movements and forming the habit of independent exercise.

Methods of using physical culture

The way in which active movements are used in the process of raising children depends on the age, as well as on the conditions for carrying out the exercises and the motor abilities of the children. There are two groups of different methods. The first of them are specific. They are used only in the process of physical education. The second group includes general pedagogical methods.

The scope of their use extends to all cases of education and training. The list of specific methods includes:

• Methods that strictly regulate the physical. exercises;
• outdoor games;
• A competitive method, when exercises are used in competitive form.

All these methods are designed to solve the problem of teaching kids how to perform exercises. They also help in the upbringing of the physical qualities of the individual.
All exercises for children are offered in the most concrete form. It can be different tasks, for example, "run to the bench." In addition, teachers often use imagery imitations and assignments. For example, "you need to run quietly, like mice." Specific methods of physical education mean working with different objects (sticks, balls, etc.). In this case, all training comes from simple movements and actions to more complex ones.

When general pedagogical methods are used, verbal and visual methods of influence are used. What is the way to choose a teacher for the process of physical education? Apply several methods at once. Only their totality will ensure a successful solution of the task.

For students studying in pedagogical universities that study what is the main means of physical education, MIT offers for familiarization ready-made coursework and abstracts on this topic.