Mongolia: the population. What is the population of Mongolia?

Mongolia is a republic that is located in East Asia. The capital of the state is Ulan Bator. The population of the capital is about 1.3 million people. The edge, which is not washed by the seas, is almost eleven times smaller than Russia by area (1 564 116 km ² ). Mongolia's neighbors are Russia on the north side, and China on the eastern, southern and western sides. The state is a member of the UN structures and is listed as an observer in some CIS structures.

History of the country

In ancient times, the state's lands were covered with swamps and forests, and steppes and meadows spread on the plains. In the 4th century BC. On this territory there lived an ancient people - the Huns. In the year 202 BC. E. On the lands of modern Mongolia, the Empire of the Huns under the command of Modun Shanu was created. It was the first empire of nomadic tribes. The Huns ruleed on the Mongolian lands until 93 AD. E.

After them came to rule the Mongolian, Kirghiz and Turk khans. In the 12th century the Mongolian tribe tried to unite in a single state, but this process was more like the unification of communities. In history, this attempt to create a unified state came under the name Hamag Mongol.

The empire was created in 1206 due to the unification of Genghis Khan with Manchuria and the disunited Mongolian tribes. As a result of active military operations, the lands of the state expanded significantly. Part of China and significant territories in Asia, the Ilkhanov state and part of Kievan Rus were captured.

The borders of the empire stretched for 33 million km ² , and the population was 100 million people. Despite the fact that at that time there were 300 million people worldwide. But from 1294 the slow dissolution of the Mongolian empire began. The post-imperial period passed by the rule of the Northern Yuan dynasty.

In 1924, with the support of the Soviet Union, Mongolia was proclaimed the Mongolian People's Republic. How many people in Mongolia were there then? The number of citizens in 1918 is estimated at 647.5 thousand people.

In 1961, Mongolia became a member of the UN, and in 1962 - a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, headed by the USSR. At the same time, population growth began. After the collapse of the USSR, democratic and economic reforms took place in Mongolia. Privatization of industry, agriculture and trade was carried out. In 1997, the state became a member of the WTO.

The peoples of Mongolia

The state is a monoethnic community. The total population of Mongolia, according to estimates for 2015, is slightly more than three million people. 94% of the inhabitants of the country are Mongolian groups. Similarly, the Turks live in the country, a small percentage of Chinese and Russian.

In the republic there are about twenty Mongolian and non-Mongolian ethnic groups. The largest group is Khalkha-Mongols, which make up about 2.1 million people (82.4% of the total population). The greatest number of Khalkha inhabit the southern, eastern and central parts of the country. In the west live Derbers, zahchiny, torghuts, bayat and oleti. They are descendants of the western Mongols-Oirats.

In Mongolia there are about 101.5 thousand Kazakhs. The ethnic group makes up almost 4% of the total population and ranks second among the various ethnic groups living in Mongolia. Kazakhs are located predominantly in Bayan-Ulayge Aimak. On these lands, they came in the 19 century from the regions of the Black Irtysh and the upper reaches of Bukhtarma. Despite the fact that the Kazakhs speak their native language, in culture and traditions they are very similar to the Mongols, which allows Kazakhs to coexist harmoniously with the main ethnic group of the state.

Also in the country are other groups of peoples. Buryats, for example, occupied the northern part of the country. Representatives of the people retained their ethnic identity, but the language is to a large extent similar to the language of the Khalkha. Buryats make up 1.71% of the total number of residents of the state.

Similar to the Buryats in terms of language and culture, the ethnic group lives in the east of the country. The number of bargains is only 2.3 thousand people. This people moved to Mongolian lands in 1947 from north-eastern China.

Ethnic Russians migrated to Mongolia in the second half of the nineteenth century. About two and a half thousand people of Russian nationality live in the country today. The first Russians in Mongolia were the Old Believers, who fled their native country because of religious persecution.

Population of Mongolia

As of December 2015, the people of Mongolia are just over three million people. The annual growth of residents was 1.74%. The population dynamics testifies that the number of citizens increases from year to year. The population density of Mongolia is 1.8 people per square kilometer.

Other demographic indicators of the country for 2016 are presented by such data:

• 73.5 thousand people were born;
• 18,4 thousand dead;
• 55 thousand people made a natural increase;
• 3 thousand people made a migration increase;
• 1,499 thousand men, 1,538 thousand women, which is approximately 1: 1.

The settlement of citizens across the territory of Mongolia is not homogeneous. The average population density of Mongolia in 2017 is 1.8 people per square kilometer. The capital of the state is most densely populated, where one-third of the population lives, the Khangai mountains and the Orkhona valley. Very low population density in the south of the country, significant desert and semi-desert territories and completely deserted.

Forecasts for 2017

Analysts predict that in 2017 the population of Mongolia will increase. Thus, the total number of citizens will be 3,090,183. For comparison, one can cite the data of previous years for Mongolia. For example, the population in 2014 was 2.91 million people, in three years the indicator grew by 0.09 million people.

It is forecasted a positive increase, which will be 56 thousand people. In 2017, approximately 74.7 thousand children will be born and 18.7 thousand people will die. If the level of migration remains the same as in 2016, then by 2017 the number of residents due to migration will change by 3.2 thousand people. Thus, the number of people leaving Mongolia will be greater than the number of visitors who plan a long-term stay in the country.

Lifespan

Mongolia, whose population is approximately equally distributed on the basis of gender, is not characterized by a high life expectancy. Men live on average 65 years, women - up to 69 years. At the age of 15-49 years, the male mortality rate is almost three times higher than the female mortality rate.

The main cause of mortality in Mongolia is injury and alcoholism. In this regard, in 2014, issued a decree on the establishment of male training groups, according to which every year all men must undergo a medical examination. Another serious problem of Mongolia, whose population is dying of mass oncological, cardiovascular diseases and tuberculosis, is the inadequate level and inaccessibility of quality medical care in some areas.

Distribution by age

As of January 2017, the country's population was represented by such age groups:

• 27.3% - children under 15;
• 68.7% - the population of working age (from 15 to 64 years);
• 4% - people of retirement age (from 65 years).

This distribution creates a low demographic load factor for society (45.6%). The ratio of the number of children to able-bodied citizens is 39.8%, the pension load (ratio of the number of pensioners to the population from 15 to 64) is 5.8%.

Literacy of the population

It is estimated that 2 million people over the age of 15 get or received an education, are able to read and write. The population of Mongolia is almost 99% educated. Only 35.7 thousand people remain illiterate.

The literacy rate among men is 98.18%, women - 98.58%. The youth literacy rate is 98.05%.

Customs and traditions

Hospitable and friendly Mongolia. The population of the region is so cordial that every guest is greeted with a tea cup - this is a sign of respect from the owner. By tradition, the guest should take the bowl with both hands, which is a sign of gratitude to the owner for hospitality.

Tsagaan-Sar (New Year) is the most favorite holiday. On this day, people dress in national clothes, go on a visit to relatives and friends. It is believed that the more feast on the feast, the better the home owners will live in the coming year.

As for the wedding traditions, his parents are looking for a wife for his son. By the time of the wedding, the groom must build a yurt for his bride. On a festive day the future husband should take the girl from the parental house on a horse.