Psychology of work. Profession is ...

There is a technology for studying, describing and designing specialties - professionography. Studies of this kind are conducted taking into account socio-economic and psychological requirements. In this process, a professiogram is drawn up. This is a kind of result of the study. In the text below you can find out what this term means, why it is necessary to conduct such studies, and what methods are used.

Definition

In psychology of labor, there is a section - professionography. This term comes from two words. "Grafo" in the translation sounds like "writing", "profession" - as a "permanent specialty." What is the purpose of this field? Most often, the result of research (professiogram) is information about the existing or projected specialty. But in a number of cases the result of the study includes intermediate data on the current type of activity with possible changes. The study itself and its result - professiogram - are the obligatory stages of compiling all scientific works in the psychology of ergonomics, labor and engineering. The object of study are all aspects of the labor process. Everyone can get acquainted with the classification of professions according to the works of well-known psychologists KK Platonov, IP Titova and EA Klimov.

How did the concept become applied?

Professigrams appeared in the 20s of the XIX century. Then Soviet psychotechnics worked intensively to create rules and methods for analyzing labor activity. Summing up the results of these studies, scientists have developed a section in the psychology of labor - professionography. This definition includes operations for the study, psychological evaluation and design of the study specialty. In addition, the signs of objects that are the main components of the work process, namely: the subject, the subject, the task, the tools and the working conditions, are necessarily worked out here. The main principle of professiography was the separation approach to the study of specialties. The essence of this term is that the research process depends on the solution of certain tasks. For example, for vocational selection, only those signs are needed that make it possible for the subjects to differentiate according to their suitability for a particular work activity. Leading importance is acquired by the characterization of knowledge, skills, skills and working functions. To determine professional fatigue, the signs initiating this process are selected.

Classification by species

Each professiogram is a document that has its purpose, time of compilation, volume. In accordance with this, as well as on the availability of similar data, the research results are systematized. In addition, the following codification is distinguished:

1. Information. Here consultative work is carried out with people who have not yet decided on the choice of profession. This technique consists in a brief and systematic description of the required characteristics.

2. Diagnostic. This type of research is used when it is necessary to find out the reasons for low productivity, production of poor-quality products, staff turnover, high accident rates and injuries, and so on. For this purpose, the study of legal, technical, psychological, and hygienic characteristics of labor is carried out. As practice shows, the definition of these indicators is of great importance for the final result of the work.

3. Prognostic. This principle of analysis bears recommendations for improving professional skills and skills in order to improve career growth.

Ways to create

Various schemes have been developed, according to which one or another professiogram is formed. An example of the simplest model was offered by the psychologist EA Klimov. It is called the "specialty formula". The essence of the method is that all professions must be subdivided according to the basic subjects. In addition, the interaction of a person with these objects must be taken into account. For example, "the individual is nature," "the subject is technology," "man is an artistic image," and so on. Also here the goal of labor, the use of means of activity and the most favorable production conditions are highlighted.

Professionogram structure

To denote the qualities that a particular profession must possess, labor activities are subdivided into operations. Klimov, for this purpose, recommends to highlight the most important working qualities.

In any case, with the correct composition of the profession, it is necessary to answer a number of questions. Namely:

1. What actions does a person commit? In this paragraph, you can use the method of observation or introspection.

2. How does he do them? That is, it is necessary to provide a detailed analysis of the actions.

3. For what purpose does a person perform these operations?

4. What means are used in the labor process? This paragraph should reflect the skills that an individual must possess to comply with the technological process.