Ion exchange water filters: device and principle of operation

Every day we hear that the cause of most diseases is the quality of water that people use if not for drinking, then for cooking. But what if its composition leaves much to be desired? The only answer is to use ion-exchange filters.

Properties

A method is used for water purification, the essence of which is the ability of ion-exchange materials to capture radioactive and heavy metals from water and change them to safe elements. The ion exchange filter for water perfectly fulfills the task of softening, due to the removal of excess magnesium and calcium ions.

To date, a large number of various purifiers work on the basis of the exchange of metal ions with sodium, using artificial and natural sodium cations for this. In such processes, water is filled with excessive salt, which leads to an alkaline reaction in it. It, certainly, turns out cleared, but thus breaks functions of an organism because of an incorrect acid-base balance. Unlike the previous ones, ion-exchange filters for water purification are distinguished by innovative properties, in which hydrogen resins are used. They are able to replace ions of metals and even aluminum with hydrogen. This composition has a weak acid reaction and is useful for a person.

Design

In appearance, the ion-exchange filter for water is a casing with flanges attached to it for the entry and exit of a gas stream, which is made of corrosion-resistant materials. In the middle of the housing there is a filter unit, which is made on the basis of ion-exchange fibrous materials "Fiban".

Scheme of filtration cleaning elements

1. The strainer for mechanical coarse cleaning. Releases incoming water from larger negative particles by depositing them and holding them on a grid.
2. Cleaner for softening automatic ion exchange. The main purpose of this link in the design is the removal of salts from the water, which give it rigidity. Also, this stage delays various heavy metals, which adversely affect human health.
3. Filters for fine cleaning. For the final removal, even from the most insignificant negative elements, ion-exchange resin is used, which is part of the system.

Main advantages and disadvantages

Using ion-exchange filters, you can highlight advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:
- ultra-high level of cleaning;
- removal of all bacteria, heavy metals and viruses;
- removal of dissolved gases, residual chlorine, petroleum products, pesticides, phenol, compounds of hazardous metals and other toxic substances;
- Preservation in water of mineral structure after its clearing;
- stabilization of the pH level to the optimum for humans;
- helps water to be charged with negative ions;
- converts organic salts for easy digestion by their body;
- high filtration rate, up to several liters per minute;
- durability of the use of cartridges and ease in their replacement;
- A variety of options for installation;
- possibility of visual control of pollution degree;
- there is a possibility for installation of additional degrees of cleaning, for example, a carbon filter.

The main disadvantage is the high cost of such devices, as a result of which some consumers can not afford this device.

Indicators when selecting a filter

In order to properly choose the ion-exchange filters that will suit the user, you need to take into account such characteristics as:

- the initial degree of hardness of available water;
- initial productivity of the softening system;
- the need for a frequency of regeneration;
- periodicity and volume of permissible drainage water;
- the need for redundancy;
- the composition of the initial water, in particular the presence of contaminants, for example iron, organics, manganese, chlorine-containing components and petroleum products;
- the required degree of softening.

Ion exchange resin

In complex cleaning systems, a filter that has an ion exchange resin is very important, since its main task is to reduce the water hardness level .

This substance is a polymer granule that has the property of absorbing from the salt solution ions of some metals and changing them to others. At the same time, the composition of the salts obtained is also changing and begins to affect the water quality. During the use of such a system, the resin neutralizes calcium ions and replaces them with sodium salts. After the chemical reaction the rigidity completely comes to the norm, all this can be achieved using a filter. Ion exchange resin "Geyser" during the purification of water divides it into cations that transmit positively charged ions, which in turn give negative ions. To soften the ion-exchange filters, sodium elements (Na +) are most often used.

Recovering the cartridge after contamination

In order for the regeneration of the ion-exchange filter "Geyser" to take place correctly, a 10% solution of common and necessarily uniodized salt in the proportion of 100 grams per liter of water is needed. In order to carry out cleaning, you need to prepare 5 liters of liquid of this composition.

In the configuration of filters there is a special key, by means of which the housing is unscrewed, then the softening filter is removed. Then it is installed vertically in the sink or on another suitable surface, which will correspond to its dimensions. Then it will take a little time to wait until all the water that is present is completely drained out. After that, carefully begin to unscrew the top cover of the cartridge and spill through it about 2 liters of saline solution, only you need to make sure that the liquid does not overflow, because together with it can be removed and the resin beads. In the process, you can see the active bubbling, but do not worry about it, as it comes out the gathered air.

Then, when the strait is completed, the cartridge is installed in the housing, which must be filled with 0.5 liter salt solution, not allowing liquid spilling, and leave without intervention for 8-10 hours. Then repeat the initial process during which we spill the remaining prepared saline solution.

After we start to collect the ion - exchange filter "Geyser". To do this, gently screw the top cover onto the cartridge and insert it into the housing. You can start drinking water after the whole apparatus is rinsed with water at a rate of 1-1.5 l / min. For 3 minutes, so that the salty taste completely disappears.