Growing grapes in the middle band: fineness. Care for grapes in the middle band

Grapes are a plant that is thermophilic, it feels good in the southern regions. Growing grapes in the middle belt is now quite possible. Grow grapes in more northern areas have been tried since the time of Peter. Michurin was the first to obtain varieties resistant to cold climate. They were the first two early and winter-resistant varieties of Amur and Baytur. These varieties are still popular with gardeners. In the Moscow region, they hibernate even without shelter.

Growing grapes. Step-by-step instruction

For successful growing of grapes it is necessary:

1. Choose the desired variety.
2. Decide on the landing site.
3. Prepare the ground for planting.
4. To build support for seedlings.
5. Plant the seedlings.
6. In hot summer watering is necessary.
7. The grapes need pruning.
8. Shelter for the winter.

The cultivation of grapes in the middle belt has recently become more and more interesting for summer residents and gardeners. This is entirely possible, you only need to choose a suitable grade of early maturation. Basically, care for grapes in the middle band is reduced to proper pruning, application of organic and mineral fertilizers, and to remove from the trellis and prepare the vine for winter is a matter of technology.

Selection of a place for grapes

The successful choice of a place for grapes is already half of success. This plant grows well in places open to the sun and well protected from the wind. In areas with a harsh climate, grapes are successfully grown at the fence or the walls of a house facing south-west or south. Places with stagnation of cold air for this plant are not suitable.

The soil for this southern plant should be well drained, and the reaction should approach neutral (pH 6.5-7.0). The site of the future vineyard is chosen, now we will start preparing the soil.

Soil preparation

Successful cultivation of grapes in the middle belt begins with the preparation of soil. These activities should be carried out 15-20 days before planting young seedlings. In order to reduce the acidity of the soil, lime is applied at a rate of 150-200 g per 1 sq. Km. M of the landing area.

The soil at the site of the future vineyard must be thoroughly digged. Poor soil is subdivided by the manure or compost. To do this, make one bucket of organic per 1 sq. Km. M. And necessarily add one of the complex mineral fertilizers, for example, superphosphate.

Support for grapes

On the site of the future vineyard you need to build a support for the vine. In the landing line, after 2.5 meters, it is necessary to drive wooden posts 3 meters long. They are driven into the ground to a depth of 60 cm. A metal wire is stretched between the bars. The first is located at a height of 40 cm, then the distance between the wire is 30 cm. The grapevine will be fixed thereafter .

Planting of seedlings

Some subtleties of growing grapes in the middle belt still exist. To begin with, you need to select a suitable early maturing variety. If in the southern areas grapes can be planted from October to March, then for the regions with colder climate (middle zone), the most suitable time for planting is early spring, before the leaves blossom (early May).

If the landing is carried out along the fence or wall, the distance from it to the seedlings should be at least 40 cm, and in the row between the plants the gap must be kept 1.2 m. In the case of planting in an open place, the distance in a row is 1.5 m, between grape In rows - 2 m.

If the plants are grafted, the vaccination site should be above the ground level when planted. After the grapes are planted, it must be tied up to a prepared support, it is abundant to water and cover up the soil with humus or manure, so the moisture will last longer in the soil.

Another method for planting grapes is planting grapes on beds, the height of which is about 25 cm. The edges of the beds are strengthened with plastic bottles dug into the ground. This way of planting allows heat to flow more to the roots and thereby accelerate the ripening period of the crop.

Trimming

The task of pruning the vine bushes is to form a powerful fruit bearing bush. Crop annual shoots. The thinner the vine, the less it leaves the kidneys. So, for example, on an shoot with a diameter of 10 mm during autumn pruning, it is possible to leave as many as 10-11 kidneys, and only 5 buds are left on a shoot with a diameter of 5 mm.

In spring, the fruiting shoots of this year will develop. To grow grapes in the middle band was successful, it is better to trim it in two steps. The first pruning is carried out in autumn after fruiting, it consists in removing the unripened vine and too thin and damaged shoots. The second stage of pruning grapes is carried out in the early spring, after the winter covering material is removed. It also removes damaged and frozen shoots and makes a decision about the load, in accordance with this, pruning is carried out.

Shelter for the winter

In late autumn, before the first frost, the vine is removed from the trellis, pruned, the remains of the leaves are removed, neatly tied and laid to the ground. The base of the bush needs to be high in the soil. If there is an inoculation, then the hilling should be done in such a way that it is completely hidden by the earth.

Further, before the onset of stable frosts, the vine is harvested. The simplest way is to cover the lapnik. Grades specially prepared for the middle belt, sheltered in this way, perfectly winter.

Another method, widely practiced by gardeners, is the use of nonwoven covering material, for example, sugril. They are wrapped around the connected and laid down on the ground bushes of grapes, and on top covered with roofing material.

In the spring, when the snow melts, these shelters are removed and sanitized pruning of the vine bushes. Cut out excess weak shoots, frostbitten and broken vine.

Agrotechnics of grapes: cultivation of grapes in the middle band

Grapes are grown in almost every region. Once again we will repeat all about grapes in the middle strip of Russia. Agrotechnics of growing grapes in this area is reduced to a successful choice of a place for grapes, correct planting and care of the vine. The place should be chosen the sunniest on this site, in addition, there should not penetrate the cold northern winds, for this install a screen or plant grapes along the southern wall of the house or fence.

When planting a young grapes, it should be borne in mind that the bush at this place will grow and bear fruit for many years, so it is necessary to take responsibility for planting responsibly. A good drainage and nutrient soil should be placed in the planting pit. As a drainage, use broken brick. If the soil is heavy, sand should be added. The nutrient soil may consist of overgrown manure or humus, to which 200-250 g of superphosphate is necessarily added, this fertilizer is necessary for the future harvest.

If everything is done correctly, young grape bushes begin to bear fruit for the 3rd year. Further care consists in the competent formation of the bush and pruning. In a hot summer, grapes require watering about 5 times per season. Watering should be rare, but abundant.

To prevent frost, even frost-resistant grape varieties in areas with cold winters should be sheltered.