What subjects should I take on an architect when I enter the university?

Build - one of the most necessary, respected and interesting activities on earth. An architect is a person, on whom depends largely on what the building will look like, whether it will be reliable, safe and convenient for people. The contest among those who enter universities that train such specialists is always great, and a large number of future applicants want to know what items to hand over to the architect.

Engineer and artist

This profession is one of the most difficult. The results of the work of the architect have a great influence on the human condition, on the appearance of small settlements and huge megacities. An example of the great architects of the past says that you can not achieve success in this profession without a harmonious combination of artistic taste, a huge culture and a large amount of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the construction industry.

What subjects need to be handed over to the architect are largely determined by the finding of this specialty at the intersection of the humanities and the exact sciences. To a good preparation in mathematics and geometry, in other natural sciences, the need to own visual skills is added. A real architect thinks only with a pencil in his hand. He can not do without the ability to make his ideas visible and understandable to others, so entering the "clean" architecture is to perform at the entrance examinations to the university creative task. The content of this test is approximately the same for leading educational institutions of this profile.

House, interior, city, landscape

Creating a comfortable environment for the life of people is the main goal of the person whose profession is the architect. What subjects need to be taken in order to begin training in this specialty, determine the normative documents of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. State standards indicate the main directions of training specialists of this profile, who are assigned the appropriate codes in the documents:

• 03/07/01 - Architecture. Profiles: architectural design, urban planning, restoration design.
• 07.03.02 - Reconstruction and restoration of the architectural heritage.
• 07.03.03 - Design of the architectural environment.
• 07.03.04 - Urban Development.
• 03/35/10 - Landscape architecture.

Graduates of universities, trained in these areas, and called architects and designers.

There are two levels of qualification - bachelor and master. They have their own training programs designed for different periods of study. Some specializations (restoration and town planning) usually have only a two-year-old magistrate, and you can begin their in-depth study only by becoming a bachelor. Successfully having studied for 4 years, having learned what subjects to hand over on the architect with a master's degree, and having passed creative competition, it is possible to reach after mastering of a training course of the highest level of vocational training.

On an example of capital high school

Total number of Russian institutes and construction academies, where the architects are trained, is more than 20. The rating of such educational institutions varies annually and is largely determined by the results of admission and graduation.

They differ in the level of teaching, the conditions for providing the educational process, they have their own history and traditions. But there is also a common thing - what items need to be handed over to the architect, the designer, what creative tests are passed by the entrants.

Typical conditions can be shown on the example of one of the most famous Russian universities - MARCHI. The Capital Architectural Institute, now called the State Academy, has a quarter-century tradition of training architects of the highest professional level. It is prestigious to study here not only because of the location of the university in the center of Moscow. Among his graduates there are many outstanding personalities who have clearly manifested themselves, and not only in the field of architecture.

The program of entrance examinations at the Moscow Architectural Institute

The combination of creative and engineering in the future profession determines for applicants who applied to the MARCHI Admission Committee, what items are needed for admission to the architect. The main direction of training - "Architecture" - provides entrance exams in Russian language and mathematics, which are conducted according to the results of the USE, and additional tests of creative and professional orientation - drawing and drawing. Those who enter the Design of the Architectural Environment must pass the same examinations, but the creative test program (figure) is different.

For all exams, a 100-point evaluation system is provided. The minimum for the Russian language is 36 points, for mathematics - 27, for additional tests - 20 points. If the number of points scored by applicants is equal, the advantage in the competition for enrolling in those who have better manifested themselves in creative disciplines, and the best result in drafting is a more weighty argument.

Creative test - drawing

For a "pure" architecture, the drawing exam represents two tasks. On the first day the arrivals draw a "head" - a plaster cast from the head of an antique sculpture. Antine, Caesar, Aphrodite, Socrates - these names are familiar to those who have at least once engaged in academic drawing and know in advance what items are needed to enter the architect.

Kind of model, foreshortening is a matter of chance: applicants work for ten people in a room, behind a strictly defined easel. On sheets of thick paper measuring 30x40 cm, you need to show for 6 hours the ability to correctly compose a drawing, without distortion, to construct and express the volume of the model, to convey the correlation of light and shadow.

On the second exam for the pattern for the specialty "Architecture" are proposed models of geometric bodies - a cube, a prism, a cone, a ball, etc. Of the given objects, two of which are mandatory, you need to perform an imaginary volumetric composition in 4 hours. All lines of the construction of bodies are preserved - visible and hidden, areas of their intersection and perspective cuts. On the sheet should be several sketch options for the composition. Hatching is only an auxiliary tool for giving expressiveness to a drawing.

On the direction "Design of the architectural environment" the first part of the creative exam is drawing of a still life, compositions from several objects of geometric and natural form. A graphite or coal pencil is used, 6 hours are taken for work. The second 4-hour test is a flat color composition performed on the basis of the particular coloration proposed by the examiners. Technique - water-based coatings (gouache or tempera) on paper.

Testing the ability to draw

Spatial imagination should be enjoyed by anyone who is attracted to the profession of "architect." What subjects need to be handled - it can be learned and prepared in advance, but if there are no practical skills in performing orthogonal projections on the proposed axonometry, there is little chance of doing so.

Modern drawings are carried out in special computer programs, and the ability to draw lines using a flight or a compass seems to be archaic. But apart from these professional skills, in the drawing exam for 4 hours, you need to show the ability to represent the axonometric image, how the plan and side views of the object look, with a section in one of the views. Theoretical knowledge is also evaluated on the competent design of the drawing, the implementation of inscriptions, etc. The speed of work is important - pencil lines must be traced in ink. It is not accidental for many who passed the entrance exams and who knew long ago what items to hand over to the architect, drawing was the most difficult stage.

Different higher education institutions, similar requirements

The requirements for future students wishing to engage in "clean" architecture are high: the passing score for budgetary places in the MARHI in 2015 is 328. Despite this, the number of applications submitted to admissions commissions of profile universities is impressive. Many are interested in architecture related to architecture. There are features in the rules of admission to full-time studies for such specialties. For example, what items need to pass to the landscape architect? It is logical that biology or geography is added to the Russian language and mathematics at the discretion of the academic council of the university.

There is an opinion that these architects become to 50 years old. Too much knowledge and skills must be acquired in order to reach the top in this important profession. With the modern pace of life, there is no time to lose. If you ask in advance what items are needed to enter the architect, and begin to prepare 2-3 years before the end of secondary school, you can get a tangible impetus at the very beginning of the path to success.