Water wealth of our land. Resources of Siberia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Russia's greatest power in water wealth is second only to Brazil. In this regard, our country is given an important and special responsibility with respect to the protection, conservation and use of water resources.

Something about problems

Is the water richness of our region sufficient for living?

The deficit of clean water is growing all over the world. Statistics say that today every fourth inhabitant of the Earth lacks one glass of water. Approximately more than half a million people feel a shortage of water.

Great expanses of the territory of Russia have rich natural resources. The water resources of our region can cause an even greater global interest in our resources.

Problems related to water supply also affect Russia, since the distribution of groundwater and surface water throughout the country is uneven. Densely populated (make up 80% of the total population of the country) - Central, Volga and Southern regions - have only 10% of water resources from all volumes. Therefore, rational use and regulation of water resources is of great importance now.

As elsewhere in the world, the main consumers of water are energy industry enterprises. However, the problem is not this, but the fact that foreign capital captures our water in large volumes. Today, huge capacities of water resources belong to foreign companies (70% or more). This is due to the fact that Russian managers and engineers of our enterprises are being replaced by foreigners.

Water wealth of our region: statistics

Russia - the first on the planet for the reserves of surface and underground fresh water. This accounts for more than 20% of the world's resources. The volume of river flow on average per year in Russia is about 4270 km³, which is about 30 thousand m³ per year per person in our country.

In total, the water wealth of our region totals more than 2.5 million rivers (127 thousand are used); 2 million lakes; About 30 thousand reservoirs; 37 systems (the largest) redistribution of flow between basins; Almost 5 thousand deposits with groundwater. The reserves of all explored deposits contain about 33 km³ per year.

The main sources of water are located in the European North (Siberia and the Far East). In these regions only 1/5 of the Russian population lives and, accordingly, a smaller part of the country's agricultural and industrial potential is concentrated.

In quantitative terms, Russian water resources are made up of static (age-old) and renewable reserves.

The share of Russian rivers is 22% of the world level, lakes - 30%, marshes - more than 1/4, glaciers - less than 1%, and groundwater - more than 5%.

In total in volumetric values, the total natural resources of fresh water in our country are approximately more than 10100 km / year. The main volume is formed by the river runoff water (more than 41%) and soil water (about 34%).

Placement of resources on the territory of Russia. Water wealth of our region, its quality

The water resources of Russia are quite large. And yet, many regions of Russia already have and will have serious problems with water supply to the economy and the population. The reason is mainly in the uneven distribution of water resources throughout the territory, which do not always correspond to the needs, and the high degree of water pollution.

The water wealth of our region is mainly located on the largest rivers: the Ob (Siberia); Yenisei (Siberia); Lena (Siberia); Amur (Russia, China, Mongolia); Volga (Russia, Kazakhstan); Kolyma (Yakutia); Don - one of the oldest (Tula region); Khatanga (Krasnoyarsk Territory); Indigirka (flows into the Arctic Ocean); Northern Dvina (Vologda region); Kama - the largest tributary of the river. The Volga (European part of Russia).

Russia has rich water resources. The object of our region - the Ob river - has the largest length among all rivers of Russia - 5410 km.

The water quality of many water bodies is unsatisfactory. Today, the following large rivers are classified as "polluted": Volga, Kuban, Yenisei, Pechora, Don, Ural, Seversky Donets. To the class of "dirty" are: Iset, Moscow, Ob, Miass, Terek and several others. Their contamination worsens the quality of water for drinking.

Resources of Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Territory

The water resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are located in the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The main tributaries of the main river of the Yenisei: right - Tuba, Kan, Mana, Bolshoy Pete, Kureika, Angara, Podkamennaya Tunguska and Lower Tunguska, Khantayka; The left - Big Heta, Abakan, Yelogui, Sym, Turukhan.

Here also flow Chulym and Ket rivers (middle and upper currents), which belong to the basin of the river. Ob. In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are large rivers - Khatanga (North-West of Eastern Siberia), Taimyr, Pyasina.

All rivers feed by melting snow in the mountains in spring and summer, also due to rain. Many of the rivers are suitable for rafting and navigation due to their high water content. Many rivers have hydropower resources.

Also on the territory of the region there are large lakes located on the North-Siberian lowland. These are the Taimyr and Pyasino lakes . Several lakes are located on the Central Siberian plateau (Lama, Keta, Glubokoe, Khantaysk, etc.). On the rivers Yadun and Kureika there are the largest waterfalls in Russia.

The richest water resources of our country differ in size and diversity, uneven distribution across the territory (the highest concentration in low-income areas with unfavorable climatic conditions, and at the same time depletion of stocks in already well-established areas).