View and conjugation of verbs. Forms of conjugation of verbs

"The verb ... How much in this sound ..." - let us slightly rephrase the catch phrase of the great Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Perhaps, no other morphological category in our language has so many rules and exceptions from them. Especially difficult is the rule about conjugation of the verb and the choice of the desired letter in the ending (inflection). View and conjugation of verbs - these topics, perhaps, are given the greatest number of lessons from those devoted to this part of speech.

The category of the species and the conjugation category of the verb

Morphological categories can be inflexible and non-inclusive. For example, the number and time are inflectional categories, since we can change the same word, put it in the form of another number or time. But the appearance and conjugation of verbs are not inclusive, they are permanent verbal morphological signs. If the verb has the first conjugation, then no matter how we change the word, it will remain the first. Change the look of the word, too, can not. You can add a prefix, thereby changing it to another, referring to another kind.

What is the form and conjugation of the verb? We look below.

What is the form of the verb?

The verb form can be perfect (CB) (by the way we ask the question "what to do?") And imperfect (NSW) (what to do?), That is, the action is either committed and has a result, or is in the process of committing.

Most often the perfect appearance is formed with the help of a prefix or a change of suffix. Dig (what to do? NSW) - dig (what to do? CB); Cut down (what to do? NSW) - cut down (what to do? CB).

Verbs of both kinds can change categories of number and person, in other words - to be conjugated. What can be the endings of conjugations of verbs and how to choose the desired letter at the end of the verb - about this we read further.

Why know conjugation?

This is very important, because it is on this depends on the choice of the correct personal ending (flexion) of the word.

When you change the faces and numbers of all the verbs of the Russian language, there can be two options for the set of endings - either one conjugation or the other. In other words, knowing the conjugation, you can correctly change the verb and not make mistakes in the choice of its inflexions.

How many conjugations does the verb have?

What are the forms of conjugation of verbs in the Russian language and how many of them? The Russian verb has two: the first and the second. But each of them has a few words-exceptions, which are not conjugated in the way they are supposed to, not according to the rule.

In addition, there are so-called disjoint verbs - these are words that do not change like the typical words of that part of speech.

Let's remember how to correctly identify the conjugation of the verb, and accordingly, and choose the desired personal ending.

1 or 2?

So, the chain of actions in determining the conjugation is the following.

1. First of all, you need to look at the ending of the verb: does the accent fall on it? If yes, then there is no difficulty. Conjugation in this case is determined precisely by flexion. Verbs 1 conjugations will contain in it the letters E / E, V / 10. We will give an example (with the sign [] we select inflexion): according to [10] a song, on [E] a song, on [ШШЬ] a song, on [ТТЁ] a song, on [ТТ] a song, on [Т]] a song . The ending is percussive, the letter is clearly audible, therefore, we learn the conjugation without a faltering - it's the first. Verbs 2 conjugations have in the end the letters H, A / H. The talk [of] nonsense, the talk [im] of stupidity, the talk [ISH] of stupidity, the dialect [IT] of stupidity, the talk [IT] of stupidity, the talk [of YAT] of stupidity .

You should pay attention to the verbs with the prefix YO-. It can "attract" to itself the stress and mislead. To correctly determine whether the flexion of the flexion of verbs with such a prefix, you need to mentally remove it, and the stress will rise to the right place. YO-years [HI] - years [HI], Run-out [HERE] - beige [HIM].

2. If the end is unstressed, then recognize the conjugation follows the infinitive (recall that this is a more scientific name of the initial form (NF) of the verb). Verbs 2 conjugations end in the NF with- and-that (except for the verbs-exceptions, which we will discuss below). Construct - I built [10], we built [IM], you built [YOUT], you built [IT], it built [IT], they built [YaT] . Verbs 1 conjugation in this form end in any other combination of letters. This can be E / m, A / m, O / m, V / m, N / m, / TI, / CH and all sorts of other (except for exception words, which are also below). I break apart [I], [U], we are discussing [EM], you are discussing [EHL], you are analyzing [ITU], it is [ET], they are discussing [UT].

As you can see, to understand this topic is not at all difficult: it is enough to look at the stress place in the word, if necessary put it into the initial form, and also learn the set of endings for a particular conjugation.

Exceptions to the rules

We continue the conversation about the appearance and conjugation of verbs. If the species is a fairly simple grammatical category, and it can be determined in one second, then the conjugation also contains "pitfalls" in the form of exception words. Of the first conjugation, exceptions are verbs known to every schoolboy: terp-e-t (insult), resentment-e-t (friend), vert-e-t (in the hands), hateful (whole heart), Depending on the circumstances, look-e-t (aside), view-e-tt (him), as well as hearing (sound), gn-ah-t (cows), breathing -a-tth (air), hold-a-t (with yourself). These words even end in -e-t, but in the faces they acquire the endings of the second conjugation: dependent [Y], hangs [IM], hangs [UIL], hangs [IT], hangs [IT], hangs [YT]; Hold [U], hold [IM], hold [HOLD], hold [IT], hold [IT], hold [AT] . These verbs also refer to the second conjugation.

From the second conjugation exceptions are the words br-i-ti (beard), stel-i-ti (tablecloth) , and also the obsolete verb " zizhd-i-tsya" , but since it is almost not used in modern language, in school Lessons on it do not focus attention. These verbs refer to the first conjugation, since when changing by persons and numbers, the inflexions characteristic of him are accepted. I am a stele, you are stealth, you are a stele, you stele, it is stele, they are stele [UT] .

It is very important to learn these verbs so that they are not misleading when writing. In school, for example, it is with verbs-exceptions that the main amount of grammatical errors is associated .

Inflexible verbs

Let us recall that verbs are called disjoint, which take in different forms the personal endings of one conjugation, then the other. In Russian, two such verbs are " wanting " and " fleeing ." Judging by the initial form, they should refer to the first conjugation. But let's see how they behave when changing by faces and numbers.

Although I want to play, we want to play, you want to play, you want to play, he wants to play, they want to play [YT] . As you can see, in the singular this verb has the endings of the first conjugation, and in the plural - the second.

Beige: I run along the road, we're on the road, you're on the road, you're on the road, he's on the road, they're running [UT] ] On the road . This verb, only in the form of a third person plural, behaves like a verb of the second conjugation, and in all other forms it has the endings of the first conjugation.

That's why these words are called multi-conjugated verbs. Their endings should be remembered.

Table of conjugations of the Russian language

So, we found out why we need to know the conjugation of the verb, how to determine which words refer to the first, and which to the second conjugation and which there are words-exceptions to this rule.

We summarize all of the above in the table, reflecting in it verbs in which the personal end is unstressed.

We do not forget that this table should be used only after making sure that the personal endings of the verb are not stressed, and also drawing attention to the presence of the prefix.

Let's sum up the results

So we figured out what kind and conjugation of the verb is, how to define them and for what you need to be well versed in these morphological categories. What conclusions can be drawn?

To determine the type of the verb, it is enough to ask one of two questions: what to do ? Or what to do ? In the first case, the species will be imperfect, and in the second case perfect.

To calculate the conjugation, you first need to determine whether the stress on the ending falls in a personal form. If so, then the conjugation is determined by it. If not, then it is necessary to put the verb in the NF.

By NF, the endings of conjugations are determined in a simple way: you need to notice what the verb ends in in the infinitive, and in accordance with the rule determine the conjugation. In this case, pay attention to whether this verb is one of the exceptions to the rule. Exceptions need to be learned and know!

That's the whole rule, explaining what is the look and conjugation of the verbs of our language. We hope that the article was useful and will help to avoid many mistakes in writing. Be literate!