Trenchless pipe laying: a description of the method

Technology trenchless method of laying pipes appeared quite a long time ago. In the 80s of the last century pipelayers laid drainage pipes in the ground. Instead of a ditch, the mechanism dug out a narrow slit, where the cable or water pipe was hid.

Today, devices have appeared that lay hundreds of meters of pipes under the ground completely without opening the soil. This special technology more than justifies the costs incurred by the customer, significantly saves money and time.

Advantageous option

Trenchless laying is necessary in two cases: when laying a new trunk instead of a failed or replaced damaged, clogged old pipeline.

It is much cheaper to build a completely new pipe into the old one and push it to the required distance than to excavate, dismantle the damaged one and lay it new.

Especially the new way of laying becomes actual in urban conditions, where the absence of maneuver during work, the side costs associated with excavating the water pipe, and the great difficulties with traffic flows make the problem simply gigantic.

Trenchless gasket makes it possible to establish a highway under roads, lawns, various sites, without destroying them.

Installing a smaller pipe inside the old one

This is the simplest and cheapest method of laying without trenching. Typically, such work is done with a failed water main. Inside the old rusty pipe stretch a new, polyethylene. Smooth walls of plastic water flow passability does not worsen.

Polyethylene products are immune to large temperature changes, are not susceptible to corrosion. They are lightweight, convenient to install, inexpensive. Their service life is often longer than the period of cast-iron pipes. They are plastic, easy to bend, which is important when using a new technology.

Trenchless laying of pipes using a winch is as follows:

1. The failed piece of water pipe is torn in two places.
2. At one of the most convenient points, a winch is installed firmly.
3. A cable is pushed into the pipe for the entire length of the repaired whip.
4. With the help of a winch and a special ruff, the main is cleaned from blockages and deposits.
5. Then, using the same cable, a polyethylene braid of the correct size is tightened with a winch.
6. Flanges are attached to the plastic pipe and bolts are installed. You can serve water.

For highways, where water flows by itself (drainage channels, moisture outlets from something), the pipes are drawn from one point. The pipe is assembled from short pieces using a threaded joint or a soldering joint and is pushed into the old highway as it assembles.

Laying a pipe of a larger diameter instead of the old one

This trenchless pipe laying has a more complex technology. This involves the participation of a hydraulic calibrator and a pump that pumps oil.

The mechanism of work is as follows:

1. Through the spent water conduit along its entire length stretches a cable.
2. The cable tightens to the top of the mains calibrator.
3. A high pressure is injected through the oil-resistant hose, the calibrator expands in diameter and expands the portion of the pipeline where it is located. The destroyed pipe gets into the ground.
4. Oil pressure is relieved, the calibrator takes the initial volume and the winch extends to another section of the highway. Behind the calibrator is a fixed new lash.

The advantages of broaching a new water supply system inside or in place of an out-of-service system are obvious. The underground plan for laying the main roads does not change, there is no reason to coordinate the repair with other structures, which saves money and time.

Impact of soil with shock-impulse pneumatic puncher

This trenchless method of laying pipes uses the technology of a simple jackhammer. The air is forced into the hose by the compressor. With the help of a distributor valve, compressed air starts to push the hammer, and that, striking, hits the streamlined body.

The streamlined body has an impressive length (2 m and more). Peculiarity of the puncture is that the pneumatic punch from the bottom of the excavation penetrates a rectilinear horizontal well. The well has smooth, compacted walls.

In this version, it is very difficult to make the necessary direction. Although, if you carefully carry out all the necessary calculations - you can. There are also guided shock-impulse piercers. But because of certain technical difficulties, they have low productivity.

Piping by Forcing

This version of trenchless laying of pipes is more often made from the excavation. The steel pipe is pushed into the ground with its butt. Its cavity is clogged with earth. Subsequently, the ground is removed by compressed air or a special auger, which, like a ruff, cleans the inside of the pipeline.

For pressure, hydraulic jacks of high power are used. Such an aggregate needs a strong support, which is sometimes difficult to find. Therefore, paired with jacks, vibro-impact devices work, pushing the projectile in small jerks.

This method of laying is remarkable in that it can be used to clog the large diameter pipes (2500 mm) in the desired direction.

Directional Horizontal Drilling

This is the most expensive option of all the above. But it has a serious advantage. Such trenchless laying of pipelines is used when other methods are already ineffective. When using this option, you can lay the whip even in rocky ground.

In principle, the method itself resembles the usual drilling process, but only in the horizontal direction. The speed of the formation varies from 1.5 to 20 meters per hour. But in this version, you can not use ordinary drill pipes . The torque from the engine to the nozzle is transmitted by means of special drill rods, fastened with hinges.

Drilling of rock requires the use of drilling mud. It is a kind of lubricant and cooling component for the drill string. The solution also fixes the walls of the well, preventing them from creeping, while helping to eliminate the effects of drilling.

A new pipe is drawn into the resulting well. But the drilling process will be useless if groundwater flows along the path of the well.

Distance

Pipes of small diameter through a worn-out wiring line stretch for a distance of up to 500 meters. Other methods of trenchless laying allow you to lay the whip at a distance of 40-80 meters. Work on the development of this technology began to be conducted not so long ago, therefore the resource potential of the developed programs is huge.

Trenchless gasket will never pay off in domestic use. If there is a need to connect private water supply to the water supply, then it is best to resort to the services of an excavator. Or, as a last resort, the usual shovel. This in the end result will be less expensive.