The grammatical meaning of the word and the ways of its formation

Words are the building material for any language. Of these, proposals and phrases are built, with their help we convey thoughts, communicate. The ability of this unit to call or denote objects, actions, etc. Called a nominative (call) function. The suitability of a word for communication, the transmission of thoughts is called its cognitive function.

Thus, the word is the basic, the main structural unit of language.

Each word in Russian has a lexical and grammatical meaning.

Lexical refers to the relationship between the phonetic (phonetic) formulation of a word, its sounding with phenomena of reality, images, objects, actions, etc. It can be said more simply: this is the meaning. From the lexical point of view, the words "barrel", "hummock", "point" - different units, because they denote different objects.

The grammatical meaning of a word is the meaning of its forms: gender or number, case or conjugation. If the words "barrel", "point" is considered grammatically, then they will be absolutely identical: creatures. Feminine gender, standing in the nominative case and unity. Number.

If you compare the lexical and grammatical meaning of a word, you can see that they are not the same, but are interrelated. The lexical meaning of each of them is universal, the basic is fixed in the root. (For example: "son", "son", "sonul", "little son").

The grammatical meaning of a word is transmitted with the help of word-forming morphemes: endings and form-building suffixes. Thus, the lexical meaning of the words "forest", "forester", "forester" will be quite close: their meaning is determined by the root "forest". From a grammatical point of view, they are completely different: two nouns and an adjective.

On the contrary, the words "came", "arrived", "ran", "ran", "flew away", "shot down" will be similar in grammatical direction. These are verbs standing in the form of past tense, which are formed with the suffix "l".

From the examples follows the conclusion: the grammatical meaning of a word is its belonging to a part of speech, the general meaning of a whole series of similar units, not tied to their specific material (semantic) content. "Mom", "Dad", "Motherland" - creatures. 1 declensions, standing in the form of the Ip, unified. Number. "Owl", "mouse", "youth" - noun females. Kind, 3 declensions, standing in the Rn. The grammatical meaning of the words "red," "huge," "wooden" indicates that these are adjectives, standing in the form of a husband. Kind, unique. Number, I.p. It is clear that the lexical meaning of these words is different.

The grammatical meaning of a word is expressed in a certain form, corresponding to the position of words in the sentence (or phrase), expressed through grammatical means. Most often those are affixes, but often the grammatical form is formed with the help of official words, stress, word order or intonation.

From the way the form is formed, its form (name) directly depends.

Simple (also called synthetic) grammatical forms are formed within a unit (using endings or form-building suffixes). Case forms (no) of mother, daughter, son, Homeland are formed by means of endings. The past tense of verbs "wrote", "jumped" - with the help of the suffix and the zero ending, and the verb "jumped" - with the suffix "l" and the ending "a".

Some forms are formed outside the token, not inside it. In this case, there is a need for official words. For example, the verbs "I will sing" and "let's sing" are formed with the help of service words (verbs). The words "I will" and "let's" in this case have no lexical meaning. They are needed to create the forms of the word. In the first case - the future time, and in the second - the incentive mood. Such forms are called complex or analytical.

Grammar values are defined in systems or clusters of gender, number, etc.