Russia's untapped reserve. Storage of the emergency stock

Thanks to the existence of an inviolable reserve of Russia (at that time the USSR), during the years of the Great Patriotic War millions of people were saved. The same state system allowed the operative localization of the fire at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which broke out in the first hours of the ill-fated April 1986 day, and saved Ukraine, Belarus and part of Europe from a nuclear explosion.

Reserves of Ancient Rus and Tsarist Russia

In the USSR, joked that the emergency reserve should provide the population with everything necessary for a decade of nuclear war. However, the history of the formation of an untouchable state reserve began back in the days of Ancient Rus, when food stocks were kept in huge unoccupied areas - in monasteries. Up to now, information has reached about the Solovetsky Monastery, food supplies in which would be enough for several years. The monastery, incidentally, exists to this day, it is located on the Solovetsky Islands (these are the most notorious Solovki) in the White Sea.

By the end of the 18th century, czarist Russia made provisions for grain (grain) and salt, in 1913 some cereals and flour were added to the list of foods. In the period of the October Socialist and February bourgeois revolutions, the state reserves are expected to be exhausted, but the first Soviet government already in 1926 initiated the creation of a reserve fund, which is regulated at the highest state level.

Early Soviet history of the state reserve

In fact, the NZ in the USSR appeared in 1931, when the Reserve Committee was formed, and V. V. Kuibyshev was appointed its head. Since then, the entire inviolable stock of products is regulated by one instance, and not by individual institutions, organizations and enterprises. The basic document on the formation of state reserves was compiled in 1939. The structure of the state reserves at that time is in general preserved until today.

The untapped reserve in the pre- and post-war years

Let's open the granaries of our Motherland. The prewar situation necessitated an increase in NZ. The untapped reserve was now able to meet the needs of industry. At this stage, it was not exclusively a mobilization reserve for the troops, as it was before. Since 1939, untouchable emergency stock has been deposited. It consists of products and materials for weapons and military equipment, food, fuel, economic and medical (dressings, medicines) property.

In many respects it was the formed emergency reserve that helped to fill the huge losses of the Soviet Union in the first years of the Great Patriotic War. However contradictory, but during this period the reserves of the USSR not only did not decrease, but also increased almost twice due to tin, aluminum, nickel, zinc, bread and canned meat. After the Great Victory, attempts were repeatedly made to revive the system of the state reserve, but in fact it was only possible to do this by the 1960s.

NZ in the last decade of the twentieth century

In 1990, the Office of Material Resources for Emergencies was formed. The structure was created to form a system of the state reserve, consisting of food, medical, financial, material and technical reserves.

The system is developed on the basis of statistical data and for the purpose of promptly taking priority measures in case of emergency situations: natural disasters, man-caused disasters, military aggression of other states against Russia and other accidents of a nationwide scale. Storage of an untouchable stock is carried out at own enterprises of the state reserve or at certain points located in all regions of Russia.

"On the state material reserve"

The present-day inviolable reserve (its formation, storage and composition) is regulated by the Federal Law of 1994 "On the State Material Reserve".
The document establishes that the state reserve in Russia is intended for:

• Ensuring prompt elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and man-made disasters;
• Timely provision of humanitarian assistance and state support to the affected regions and subjects of the Russian Federation: their residents, enterprises, institutions and organizations;
• The provision of regulatory impact on the market during an economic or energy crisis;
• Ensuring the needs of Russia in the period of mobilization.

Structure of the inviolable reserve of Russia

In 2006, in honor of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the state reserve system, the federal services slightly opened the veil of strict secrecy and allowed a small part of the journalists to Rosrezerv. In a special report, "Inviolable Supply," small pieces of information were published on the most important secret structure of the Russian Federation.

So, it is known that at present the state reserve has about 10 thousand names of food products, medical products, military equipment and industrial goods. How many specifically in the country stocks, only two people know: the president of the Russian Federation and the leadership of the Rosrezerva. The latter, by the way, assured that there would be enough supplies to provide the entire population of the Russian Federation within three months of an emergency. Of course, we are talking primarily about food. Medicines, bandages, equipment, clothing and fuel are stored much longer.

In addition to essential goods, the structure of the NZ includes several institutions: the Research Institute, the Experimental and Experimental Mechanical Plant, the Polytechnic College and the Information and Computing Center.

The reserves store not only long shelf life products, but even threads and needles, a basic list of medicines, dressings, clothing and fabrics, raw materials, machinery, fuel and even dismantled railway bridges across major rivers. More than half of the NZ are food products, so the stock is updated every one to two years, the rest (metals, machinery, clothing, etc.) every 15 years.

Localization and equipment of the Rosrezerva repositories

Storage of an untouchable stock is in the strictest secrecy. Each storage facility is equipped with powerful pumps in case of flooding by underground waters, and also almost half-meter iron doors.

These facilities, which are located at least 150 meters below the ground, are capable of withstanding a nuclear explosion or a serious natural disaster. It is believed that the storages are located far from populated areas, but the exact location is known only to the two above-mentioned people.

State reserves of other states

It is known that Russia's inviolable reserve was used in almost thirty operations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and provided timely humanitarian assistance to twenty foreign states. By the way, foreign countries also pay great attention to the formation of reserves. So, there is information that the inviolable food reserve of the United States of America will last for two years of war.

Rosreserve employees regularly exchange some information regarding inviolable stocks with colleagues from the CIS countries and Europe, share their developments and discuss international problems. Cooperation provides an opportunity to act in a coordinated and expeditious manner in the event of any emergency situation of an international scale.