Physical development of preschool children

All the bases are laid in two periods: intrauterine and preschool. This applies to both psychological characteristics and physiological characteristics . That is why the psychological and physical development of children of preschool age should be under the closest attention.

The development of preschool children is strikingly different from development at a younger age. The first years the body of the baby grows very intensively and relatively evenly. Since the age of four, development has slowed somewhat. Over the next three years, the increase in growth is about 15 cm, in weight - 5 kg. The indicators, of course, are standard and may vary slightly.

At this time, the physical development of children begins to gradually approach the body of an adult, allowing them to withstand higher loads compared with the early period. But too high loads, of course, are unacceptable. The musculoskeletal device is actively forming, when the natural bends in the spine are not yet fully formed and therefore not fixed. It is important here not to ignore the posture, keeping it under constant supervision. It is from this age begin to detect scoliosis, kyphosis, other disorders.

There is an active process of ossification of the cartilaginous tissue, which is why with special caution you need to treat the loads. And especially this is the lower extremities. Bunches and muscles are still too weak for increased loads. And taking into account the unshapeness of the cartilaginous tissue, incorrect physical education of children can lead to injuries and disabilities dangerous at this age (for example, flat feet).

Significant differences in the muscular systems of preschool children and adults explain the rapid fatigue and faster recovery after loads. Uniform and long-term loads are not only not recommended, but also contraindicated. The physical development of children should be based on the inclusion of exercises for absolutely all muscle groups.

Rapid fatigue explains the peculiarity of the development of the cardiovascular system: wider the blood vessels, the shorter the path of blood flow, and hence the higher the rate of circulation. At high loads, the child is quickly excited, the heart rate is accelerated, the rhythms of contractions are violated. Hence the rapid fatigue. Moreover, it is difficult for a child's organism to cope with such energy leaps.

As for the nervous system, the processes of excitation in preschool children predominate on the processes of inhibition. That's why preschoolers are so unpredictable. Their movements are fast, impulsive, and attention is unstable. Inaccuracy and disorderly movements of the preschooler involve the movement of excess muscle groups, hence the additional stresses on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

The physical development of children must be taken into account when planning physical activities and general diet. The metabolism in the preschool age is very high, so for the correct overall formation of the body it is important to provide the child with adequate nutrition and long walks.

Preschoolers need physical exercises, but they must be moderate. It is clear that inexperienced parents find it difficult to find a limit in high and low loads, corresponding to the age of their growing child. But taking into account the knowledge of fast fatigue and rapid recovery, characteristic of preschool children, the physical development of children should be based on the most optimal variant for this age: short-term loads, breaks are frequent.

A good outlet will be sports sections, dancing, swimming pool. But it is important not just to give up the child and leave, but to find a coach who understands these age features, who has a certain program for working with preschool children.

It is quite possible to work at home with a child. By observing simple, elementary and at the same time important rules.

The room should be ventilated. The temperature is 22 ° C. At a lower temperature, a child may catch a cold, a higher temperature will give an additional and dangerous load to the heart. Make a schedule of classes. Work out at a specific time. At all, not before going to sleep. Start with lung exercises, gradually adding time and complicating the exercises. All muscle groups must work.

Not all will be obtained. And not immediately. Do not be nervous, do not put pressure on your child. Do not scold. Here you need not only time, but also patience. Also remember: if the child is tired and feels badly - stop classes.