How to make a fish pond with your own hands. Breeding fish in ponds from A to Z

A pond, even a small one, would like to have many on its suburban site. A small pond can not just create a perfect microclimate right next to the house and diversify the landscape. Very often it is also a source of income. All you need is to build a pond for fish. The task is not very simple, but with the desire and certain knowledge is quite feasible.

Where to begin?

First of all, you should determine the shape, as well as the size of the future pond. If desired, you can arrange a round, square, oval, etc. water. Success in a business like fish breeding does not depend on the shape, but on the size of the pond. It should be borne in mind that the option is smaller than one meter and already ten in this case is completely unacceptable. The more the pond, the faster the young will grow in it and the easier it will be to take care of it. The best option is a fish pond with a size of about 25-50 m ² .

The device of a pond. Fundamental rules

When constructing a pond, it is necessary to follow some recommendations of experienced fish farmers. This will make the growing process much more effective. Success in breeding fish is guaranteed only if a number of conditions are met.

1. Correctly selected soil for the bottom of the reservoir.
2. The bottom of a complex relief is arranged. Shallow areas should alternate with deep water.
3. Correctly chosen place for the pond.

How to choose the right place

Pond for fish breeding should be arranged in open places. In this case, it is best if in the afternoon one part of it is illuminated, and the other is in the shade. It is also very important to ensure that shrubs and trees do not grow in the immediate vicinity of the reservoir. The fact is that their roots, penetrating into the water, will start to cause decay processes, which will negatively affect the weight gain of the fish. In addition, constantly rotting on the surface of the water decaying foliage does not decorate the pond.

When choosing the location for the future pond, it is necessary to take into account also such an important point as the possibility of supplying electricity. It is useful for the device of aeration in the winter period of time.

Varieties of ponds for fish

So, you have decided where to set up a pond. The breeding of fish in it will be successful only if you have taken into account all the above recommendations. Now it is necessary to decide what will be the water body. To date, there are several varieties of ponds suitable for breeding fish.

1. With a concrete base. The construction of such a reservoir is somewhat laborious. However, the result will be guaranteed durable.
2. Pond made of plastic. Suitable mainly for breeding ornamental fish, as the size of this reservoir is limited.
3. Pond, arranged using PVC film. Can be of any shape and size. However, the lifetime of the film is limited to 10 years.
4. Unfiled reservoir. This option is ideal for a site with a high level of groundwater. The bottom and walls in this case are coated with clay and coated with sod.

Most often in the suburban area is arranged a concrete pond for fish.

The construction of a concrete pond in stages

In the chosen place, the outlines of the future reservoir are marked using pegs and a cord. Then proceed to excavate the soil at the required depth (the depth of the pond plus the thickness of the concrete). The side walls are made inclined (angle of about 20 °). The soil at the bottom of the pit is carefully tamped. In the event that it is too soft, it is necessary to perform additional reinforcement of rubble. The latter is also tamped and covered with a layer of sand.

For pouring take the concrete mixture in the proportion of 1 * 3 (cement * filler). On the bottom, on wooden bars, install a reinforcing mesh made of wire 3-4 mm in diameter (30 cm pitch). Next, put the tube in the places where there will be holes for the inflow and drain of water and pour the bottom with concrete.

After everything has solidified, proceed to install the formwork for the walls. You can make it from ordinary boards. Concrete mixture is laid in layers of 10 cm and carefully tamped. Thus, you can get a very durable pond for breeding fish of any shape, size and depth.

The formwork is removed after about two weeks. Boka and the bottom of the pond must be padded. To do this, use a concrete mixture also in a proportion of 1 * 3. The thickness of the plaster at the same time should be about 2.5 cm. Experts advise adding a special waterproofing additive to the solution. This will increase the life of the bottom and walls of the pond.

Breeding fish in ponds. General information

Success in breeding fish in the summer cottage, as in any other, depends primarily on a criterion such as water quality. The most important parameter can be considered the amount of oxygen dissolved in it. Its deficiency will necessarily lead to a halt to the growth of the fish or even to its death. Spending oxygen can be in the process of decay. Therefore, it is very important to clean the pond from contamination in time. In addition, should be purchased in the special. Store the aerator corresponding to the size of the pond capacity.

Also for the normal life of fish, various minerals - iron, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, potassium and calcium salts, etc. - are needed. An indicator that can be considered as important is the level of acidity of water. A neutral reaction (PH7) is suitable for most fish species.

Running fish into the pond

So, how to make a pond for fish, we found out. The next stage is its launch. Of course, preliminary to the bottom of the pond you need to plant aquatic plants. They can become an additional source of oxygen. Water, poured into the reservoir for the first time, should stay in it for about a month. During this time, natural silt forms on the walls and bottom, and the plants take root. After standing, the water is drained and a new one is poured. Fish in the pond are launched gradually, starting with no more than three or four individuals. Do this best in the spring, waiting until the water temperature reaches about 25 °.

What kind of fish is best to breed in a summer pond

You can breed the following fish in the dacha pond.

1. Sudak. For a year the young grows to a length of 30 cm. This fish is very voracious. When growing pike perch from the larval age, 300 juveniles of other fish will be needed.
2. Perch. Very unpretentious fish, eating only in the daytime.
3. Som. When it is grown, the pond is usually populated with a small fry that goes to feed it - with a sticker, stickleback, etc.
4. Bulls and ruffs. Pretty good fish for the pond in the country.

All these species can survive in a small pond and even multiply in it. However, most often in dacha ponds bred carp, line and carp. These are the most unpretentious, not too gluttonous and fast-growing fish. On how to properly care for them, and talk below.

Cultivation of the line

Lin - the fish is sedentary and quite able to exist in water bodies with very low oxygen content. For successful cultivation and breeding, a pond with a depth of one meter and dimensions of 3 * 10 m will suffice. In the case of the line, the second parameter can be considered more important. The larger the area of the reservoir, the faster the young will gain weight. This fish is growing quite fast. By the second year of life, it is gaining a marketable mass of 150-180 g. However, this is only if all the necessary breeding conditions are met. Those who want to grow the line at the dacha should know that this fish is very fond of warm water. In well-heated reservoirs it grows much faster.

The breeding of fish in ponds, including the line, begins with the selection of producers. Running in the pond is performed in the spring. For a small pond, it will be enough for the first female and 2-3 males. The Lin starts to spawn in late May - early June.

Appearing in the pond fry need to be fed. Use for this can be grain wastes, as well as weed seeds. In addition, the line is fed with a mixture of vegetables, passed through a meat grinder. For this purpose, beets, potatoes and carrots are just fine. You can also use mixed feed. These types of food are always given in a strictly defined place, in shallow water. Otherwise, the pond for fish will quickly become dirty and silted. To catch the line, water from the reservoir will need to be drained. This fish is very fond of digging into silt, especially in autumn, on cold days. Therefore, catching should be done as closely as possible.

Breeding carp

Carp is also a fish that is bred in ponds quite often. Its distinctive feature is quick weight gain and unpretentiousness. To obtain a good result when breeding, it is necessary to make sure that no more than two individuals per square meter of the reservoir, and even better, one. Optimum is the water temperature in 24-26 gr. Too cold a habitat carp does not tolerate. At a temperature of 12 ° just stops eating. Especially deep pond this fish is not needed. It will be enough to be 1-1.5 m. You can feed carp with mixed fodder, as well as beans and cereals once or twice a day. In order for the fish to develop a conditioned reflex, the food should be thrown into the same place.

Carp production

Color - perhaps the most unpretentious, but because it is just perfect for breeding on a country plot, fish. Even in a very small pond, you can settle up to two dozen fish (up to 300 grams). They feed the crucian carp in the same way as carp and tench. From time to time in the pond, in addition to other types of feed, you can throw up slices of bread.

Very often the owners of summer cottages release fish caught in lakes and rivers into a pond. In this case, you must follow one simple rule. It is necessary to equalize the temperature of the water in the container in which the fish is transported with the temperature of the water in the pond. The package is simply placed in a pond and waiting a little.

Breeding fish in a small pond is a fascinating and profitable business. If you want to arrange a pond for fish with their own hands in the country and make it carp or carp, you can only for one season. The ready pond will certainly become a real "highlight" of the suburban area.