Frame house with their own hands: step by step instruction. Construction technology

Houses in our country have traditionally been erected in the form of log cabins or stone buildings. However, there are other options for low-rise construction, which can be given preference. For example, ways are developed how to build a frame house with your own hands. The step-by-step instruction includes 4 basic steps:

• Foundation pouring;
• Installation of the frame;
• Erection of walls and warming;
• Roof construction.

Such structures are erected quickly and without the use of special lifting equipment. Frame houses cheaply cost and are collected in one season, and they are no less warm and comfortable than the capital of a log or stone.

Choose a place for your home

The use of wood implies that the ground under the house will not contain a lot of moisture. And the place itself should be dry and well blown, so that dampness does not lead to rapid decay.

Drawings of frame houses should be based on calculations and are tied to the construction site. Descriptions from the Internet are understandable only to specialists who have a certain amount of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The foundation should be erected in accordance with the nature of the soil, and the house - from the calculation of operational loads.

Need for a project at home

The developer should have a house project created by specialists. In addition, it is coordinated with many services that can make their changes and additions.

At the first stage, the sketch of the house can be done independently, but in the future it will be necessary to select a suitable project. For the construction always need drawings of frame houses, based on the necessary calculations. The project will have to pay. Cheaper to do a typical, but you can order your own, where will take into account the requirements of the developer. It also laid the technology of construction, which should be strictly adhered to. This also concerns the creation of engineering systems.

Engineering systems at home

In the project, all engineering networks should be specified when the frame house is built with their own hands. Step-by-step instruction provides for the laying of communications at certain stages of construction, starting with the foundation. When it is poured at once, technological holes are made. Drilling them in concrete later will be much more difficult.

The electrical system includes a switchboard, electrical wiring, appliances, sockets and grounding. Sockets are located at a distance no more than 4 m from each other. They contain protective covers if there are water sources nearby.

The correctness of laying water supply and sewerage systems depends on the convenience of drinking and hot water, as well as the withdrawal and processing of effluents.

The ventilation system contains air holes with holes.

Foundation construction

The foundation is chosen columnar, shallow band or from concrete blocks. To increase strength, reinforcement and monolithic strapping are used. Frame wooden houses are built with a small foundation, designed for low loads. It takes few materials. Due to their savings, the cost of the frame house becomes lower. For him, a trench is digging or wells being drilled, and then a pillow made of sand is made. Before the concreting, the reinforcement and the formwork are installed. It is advisable to fill the strip foundation with a careful ramming. For the installation of the frame of the house in liquid concrete, vertical studs with a length of 500 mm are installed in steps of about 2 m. The plane of the grill is leveled with a solution.

Installation of the lower strapping of the house

A week after pouring concrete over the entire foundation lay the lower strapping - a wooden beam with a cross section of at least 150x150 mm. It is pre-impregnated with antiseptic, and from below waterproofing is made from two layers of ruberoid. The beam is attached to the foundation studs or anchor bolts, under which holes with a depth of more than 100 mm are drilled. On the length and at the corners the connection is made in half a tree and fastened with nails.

The bars should be completely laid and connected together and the foundation. After that, grooves are cut in them and sex lags are inserted from the board 50x150 mm. Their upper part should be set in a horizontal plane, and in the lower part the blocks are laid, on which the rough floor is laid. A vapor barrier is attached to it with a stapler, and then the space between the lags is filled with a heater (mineral wool or polystyrene). Top is made of edging from edging board 40x150 mm.

Assembling the frame

The frame is the foundation that holds the entire structure of the house. It is a vertical rack, connected by horizontal straps and bolts. When the frame house is erected with their own hands, the step-by-step instruction provides a strict sequence of installation. The material can be a metal profile or wood. The use of metal requires the availability of welding equipment and the ability to work with it. For a wooden frame, use solid wood species, for example, oak or larch. Racks make the size of the height of the room. They are connected to the bottom strap by the "spike-groove" method. The fit is done accurately, without gaps.

The dimensions and distance between racks should be chosen, first of all, depending on the load transmitted from above. For them, the size of the material that is used for sheathing is selected. Racks with the lower strap are connected by temporary braces, which adds extra rigidity to the structure.

After the vertical bar is exposed, the top harness is stacked. The principle of its connection is the same - with the help of grooves, identical to the lower beam. Fastening from above to each rack is made by two nails, buried at least 10 cm. The frame is permanently strengthened by permanent cuttings, and temporary ones are dismantled.

Erection and insulation of walls

Outside, the house is covered with boards, lining, siding, pseudo-cobs. Warming is made with expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam, mineral wool and other materials. They take on the heat-protective properties of common building materials. In this regard, frame houses cheaply manage. For living all year round, the thickness of the thermal insulation should be at least 5 cm. This material is filled with the entire space between the beams so that there are no voids. To prevent displacement, the heater is fixed with special fasteners.

When we build a frame house, it is necessary to protect wooden structures from the effects of moisture. On top of the heater, a waterproofing foil is attached to the posts, after which the lath is stuffed from the laths for ventilation under the outer skin.

The walls of the frame house are internally lined with gypsum-fiber boards or OSB.

Ceiling Mounting

The ceiling is supported by ceiling beams, mounted on a bar of the upper strapping, in which grooves are cut for them. Mounting can also be done with steel brackets. The markup is done beforehand on the ground. The beams are inserted into the grooves and fastened to the strapping with nails. In the places of interior partitions, the supporting support bars are installed. They are also connected in a common construction with upper and lower straps. At the locations of vertical racks, the nailboard is nailed with a ceiling board made of pile boards.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling

On top of the ceiling panel is laid vapor barrier material. It is placed with an allowance on the beams and fastened with a stapler or slats. For the vapor barrier, polymeric membranes or special films are used.

The level with the beams overlap tightly insulated: mineral or glass wool, expanded clay, expanded polystyrene. It is closed from above by a film of waterproofing and is covered across the beams with a board shield. With a distance between them more than 500 mm perpendicularly laid logs, and then the floor is already made.

The opening for the entrance to the 2nd floor is made by means of a frame from two cross-beams between the beams.

Roof erection

Roofing has a significant weight, so it must rely on the walls of the house, which are already finished, but do not have decorative trim. When building a frame house (and also any other), for the manufacture of the roof it is necessary to determine the slope, the number of skates, the roofing material, the dimensions, the number and the pitch of the rafters.

The roof looks beautiful if it has a complex shape. But at the same time the labor intensity of manufacturing and the cost of a frame house increase. The most common gable roof, which is suitable for the attic and attic. Its construction is simple and contains only one skate. The absence of valleys (concave angles) is an advantage, as these places are the most vulnerable and difficult to make.

The roof slope should be chosen more than 28º, so that the snow slides from it. If it is made more than 50º, the wind load will be much higher. The optimal slope is considered to be 35-45º, which is fine in terms of design: then the roof is not sloping, but not too sharp. Many skeleton wooden houses are made with attics, which allow to obtain additional living space. For convenience, it is necessary to build small walls with a height of 1,1-1,6 m. Then in the lowest places it is possible to arrange beds or cabinets.

The frame house with a penthouse is an easy and durable structure, which with proper erection allows creating comfortable conditions with minimal time and money.

The cross-section of the rafters is selected from the calculation of the insulation between them, the thickness of which is usually 100-150 mm. For safety, take a board size of 150x50 mm. Its length is 6 m. Two boards are nailed together on one side in the form of the letter L. Then they are lifted to the roof and selected the desired angle, leaning on the bar of the upper strapping. In this case, overhangs should protrude beyond the wall for a distance of 30-55 cm. After the board are connected with a bolt, and a rafter is obtained. In places of support, triangular notches are made to a third of the height. The technology of construction of frame houses provides for using as a Mauerlatta top harness frame. The rafters are modeled on the whole roof, so that the step between them is 70-80 cm.

The deadbolt is not lower than the level of the ground floor. Too high it should not be placed, because the connection will not turn out to be sufficiently rigid. Rafters in a skate are joined in half-paws. First they are installed on the gables, then they stretch the cords between them and put the rest on them.

The type of the roofing depends on the type of roofing material. It can be thinned or solid. For any type of roof crate fastened in the area of the ridge beam without a gap.

The device of a roof

A convenient material for covering the roof of the frame house is bitumen shingles. It is lightweight, plastic, easy to assemble and cheap. Disadvantages are flammability and rapid fading.

Metal tile and corrugated board are universal materials and give the roof an effective look. They are easy to install, have low weight and low cost. The minuses include noise in the rain and hail.

When the roof is ready, drainage and drainage systems are installed to drain sediments away from the house.

Conclusion

For those who seriously think about reliable and comfortable housing, today is not a problem to build a frame house with their own hands. Step-by-step instruction makes it possible to do the job quickly, efficiently, inexpensively and without errors.