Cinder block laying by own hands: technology, solution

Annually, there is an increase in the popularity of such techniques as masonry cinder block. The material used belongs to the budget category, but it has good technical properties, which makes it possible to erect both auxiliary facilities and residential buildings. There is no need to hire a team of workers, since the installation process is simple enough, so you can save your family budget and try your hand at building.

Description

The material was given the name used earlier for manufacturing - ash, slag and other combustion products. But today, in general, fillers such as sawdust, broken brick, expanded clay, crushed stone with fine fraction are used, in view of the fact that the slag-based blocks have insufficient strength and a significant degree of water absorption. It is also often practiced to build a house made of cinder block, which is made independently on a personal plot. But its use is more rational for creating economic buildings due to the fact that materials for residential facilities have established rules for environmental safety, which the cinder block does not match.

Manufacturing

To form products, slag and cement are used, followed by pressing and drying. Extensive distribution of them was due to the available technology and budgetary materials, eventually it turns out cinder block, the price of which becomes minimal.

The manufacturing process consists of three stages - mixing of ingredients, filling in pre-prepared forms and hardening. As noted above, the basis is the combustion waste, water and astringent component. To increase the performance characteristics, crushed stone, expanded clay and gravel are added, and they can completely replace the slag.

The slag block, the price of which starts at 40 rubles, should have standard dimensions, despite the extensive range of characteristics that the fillers used add.

Classification

The material is divided into several types depending on the presence or absence of voids. Monolithic blocks are integral structures that do not have internal empty spaces. They are distinguished by a high degree of strength, but with insufficient thermal insulation properties and high weight. The most demanded products are those having a voidage index within 30%. They have average strength and thermal conductivity characteristics.

With an increase in voidness up to 40% there is an increase in heat capacity with a simultaneous decrease in strength, compared with other types.

Cinder block masonry: advantages and disadvantages

A small price is the main advantage of the building material. Also worth noting the possibility of independent production and installation technology, which will cope with each. Despite this, there are many negative sides. Blocks do not tolerate the influence of environmental factors - temperature changes and precipitation, have low strength and degree of noise insulation, insufficient resistance to frost.

As already noted above, this material is not the best option for the construction of a residential house due to low environmental properties. Before the clay block is laid by hand, it is necessary to determine the type of products, depending on the required characteristics.

What to look for

Many are puzzled by the question of the thickness of the walls. It is primarily affected by the climatic conditions of the construction site and the designation of the future construction.

It is necessary to prepare tools in advance, among which there must be a device for kneading mortar, circular saw, hammer, plumb and level. Materials will also require a reinforcing mesh or metal bars, sand and cement.

The cinder block laying resembles the installation of the usual brick and is most often performed in 2, 1.5 and 1 block. When choosing a technique, it is worth remembering that the structure becomes warmer with increasing thickness of wall structures, as this increases the thermal insulation characteristics. But at the same time the foundation has more workload and additional expenses appear. The optimal thickness of the walls for a building with one floor is 1 block.

Foundation

Arrangement of a quality foundation is the first step that allows to create a reliable clutch. As with any other construction, its choice depends on the depth of the location of groundwater and the general type of soil on the selected site. The reinforced concrete monolithic base is optimally suited for the hilly complex soil.

The belt foundation of cinder blocks is an excellent option for stable soil, provided that the groundwater is low. It differs possibility of independent arrangement, without use of the expensive tool and rent of special technics. It should be borne in mind that the width of future walls should be slightly less than the width of the base. For casting, sand, cement and crushed stone can also be used.

Protecting the material against moisture is achieved by installing a waterproofing coating that is mounted on a concrete foundation after the final hardening, in its role can be a ruberoid.

Solution

The mortar for laying the slag block can be made by yourself or by purchasing a ready-made version in a specialized store. Due to the high cost of dry formulations, many prefer the first option. The basis of the masonry mass is sand and cement. With the addition of plasticizing compounds, it is possible to increase resistance to frost and plasticity. The finished solution, if properly prepared, must have a viscous structure and a low degree of spreading during the work.

Course of work

Masonry cinder block with their own hands, as well as other building materials, begins with corners. Here, special care is required, since the reliability of the wall structures directly depends on the competent exposure of all angles. At first, they put a little mass, which is leveled with the help of a trowel. Next, two blocks are mounted with a right angle, then another one, while remembering the dressing of the joints.

Similar actions occur with other angles. Do not forget about systematic verification of the vertical and horizontal level using a plumb bob and a special measuring device.

When allocating any part of the overall design, it is corrected by tapping lightly with a trowel. As a guideline for the installation of the main row, a cord stretches over nails, which are driven in the seam between the lower and upper elements. After the completion of the first row, the subsequent laying of the cinder block begins with the observance of the previous conditions.

Mounting seams should have a minimum width, because through them the room loses heat. The optimal size of the joints should not exceed 15 cm. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease in strength at a width of less than 10 cm.

Reinforcement of the masonry makes it possible to increase its reliability and to ensure a uniform separation of loads throughout the structure. For reinforcement, reinforcing mesh or steel rods are used. The implementation of this procedure is most important for the first row.