Water supply of a private house from a well: scheme. System of water supply from the well

As in the construction of a new country cottage, and when carrying out repairs in old houses, there is a need to provide drinking water. And if there is no possibility of connection to the centralized water supply, then in this case installation of the system will be necessary, which will provide water supply to the private house from the well. The communication scheme will look like this.

At first glance, nothing special. The most common system of water supply from the well: a pump, a pair of instruments and an expansion tank. However, in fact, the process is very laborious and complex. Therefore, like many other construction works, it is customary to break it down into stages. Each of them will be described below.

Design of autonomous water supply system

Before making water supply to a private house, it is necessary to perform the first and one of the main stages - designing an autonomous water supply system . To do this, you should contact a qualified specialist. When it is carried out, a large package of necessary documents is developed and collected together, which will be needed in order to provide water supply to a country house from a well.

The project includes the information described below.

• Depth of occurrence of the aquifer and its location.
• Marking and diameter of water pipes for the well and communication in the house.
• Depth of laying of external water supply.
• Overall dimensions and location of the caisson.
• Determine the place where the station will be located for water supply to a private house.

In the future, installation will be carried out in accordance with the project.

Depth and location of the aquifer

This is one of the most important factors on which the general scheme of water supply from a well is based. From this indicator directly depends on how the water from the bowels of the earth will rise. If the depth is less than 9 meters, then in that case an automatic pumping station will be installed. If more, then a deep submersible pump. Also, these indicators will help to calculate the necessary amount of time and finances needed to develop the soil.

Information that relates to the level of occurrence of the aquifer can be obtained in different ways.

• From special geological maps, which will correspond to the area of development.
• Order a water search service on a site in an organization that specializes in the field of drilling wells.
• Ask about the depth of the well in the neighboring area.

The latter option is the least effective, because it does not give an exhaustive answer, but will help to understand the approximate distance to the underground source of life-giving moisture.

Calculation of diameter and material of water pipes

There is another very important point that needs to be paid special attention. To date, not all pipes that are available in stores and in construction markets are suitable for mounting water from a well. And in order to properly pick up the material, you need to pay attention to the marking.

The pipe for water supply to a private house must have an approximate marking PPR-All-PN20 (25), where:

• PPR - the name of the material from which the pipe (polypropylene) is made.
• All - the presence of an internal interlayer of aluminum, which allows to strengthen the resistance to deformation.
• PN20 (25) is the number indicating the pipe wall thickness and the maximum permissible pressure, measured in mPa.

With regard to the diameter of the water pipe, it should be guided not only by the size of the thread at the pump and the automatic pressure control system, but also by the number of water users. Basically, for a low-rise cottage they are standard and equal to 1 "(25 mm). Considering that the polypropylene pipe is classified one size larger, you should purchase a material marked 32 PPR-All-PN20, where the first figure indicates the outer diameter.

Selecting a well pump

Properly selected pump - the guarantee of uninterrupted water supply to the house. And in order for him to serve faithfully for a long time, it is necessary to take into account the nuances.

• For the wells, only a centrifugal pump is suitable. If a vibrating pump is lowered into the casing, it will necessarily damage not only it, but also the filter element.
• The quality of the water that will rise from the well should not be worse than in the pump's passport data. The thing is that if the well is made for sand, then fine sand particles will be found in the water. If the pump design does not provide this, it will soon fail.
• To ensure that the pump for water supply to a private house fully ensures not only the rise of water, but also the pressure in the aqueduct, it is necessary to calculate its passport data according to the following formula: H = hs + 0.2xL + 30 + 15%, where H is the minimum column of water, in passport; Hs is the depth of submergence of the pump from the ground surface in meters; L is the distance from the entrance to the house and to the entrance to the well.
• Protect the pump from dry running. Another very important point is that the water flowing through the pump fulfills the functions of cooling the engine. And if the pump does not cool down during operation, it will overheat in a matter of minutes and fail. The way out of the situation is the purchase of a pump equipped with protection from the factory or an additional installation of necessary automation in the house or caisson.

After the water supply of the private house from the well is projected, the scheme of the internal communication layout, the location of the aquifer and its location are determined, and all necessary material is purchased, it is possible to start the installation work.

Drilling wells

Drilling a well is a laborious process. It takes a lot of time and requires certain skills. For this reason, it is not recommended to perform this type of work independently, but it is better to invite qualified specialists with all the necessary equipment.

Depending on the depth of the water layer and soil composition, several types of drilling are used.

• Screw.
• Rotary.
• Column.

It should be noted right away that the latest ways of passing the soil imply the use of a washing liquid, whose functions include the removal of the destroyed rock bed.

The process of drilling the well continues until the water horizon is reached. After this, it is necessary to continue the process and reach the rock, which is waterproof.

As soon as everything is ready, a casing should be inserted into the drilled hole, at the end of which there will be a filter made of stainless mesh with a fine section of the cell, and the cavity formed between the pipe and the ground must be filled with fine fraction.

Washing the finished well is the final stage of the work. This procedure can be carried out using a hand pump (pump) or by lowering a submersible pump into the casing. Wash thoroughly before the appearance of clean water.

Installation of a submersible pump in a well

Installation of the submersible pump is carried out directly into the well. This process is laborious and requires special attention. Therefore, we suggest considering the sequence of work.

• A non-return valve is attached to the outlet of the pump, which prevents the emptying of the pump's working chamber and the self-drainage of the water after the pump has turned off. In the part of the pump that is responsible for water intake, a filter in the form of a cup is additionally installed, which protects it from silt and dirt.
• A return pipe is attached to the return valve.
• The electrical cable is connected to the pump main wire with a waterproof coupling and fixed along the entire length of the supply pipe.
• To a special place on the pump place fix the cable.
• The free end of the pipe must be passed through the well head, the wire should be passed into a specially vented hole, and the cable secured to the very end.

Then follows the process of descent of the entire structure into the casing. To do this, one person needs to be directly near the well and slowly lower the pump in the middle, and the second person needs, so to speak, to insure and submit the construction.

After the entire installation procedure is completed, it is necessary to fix the headpiece on the casing, and connect the supply cable to the electrical network.

Caisson: its device and dimensions

Like the whole system of water supply to the house from the well, and its individual components need protection. For the head of the well it is provided by the caisson. Its correct organization allows to extend the service life of equipment, shut-off valves, and also allows unhindered maintenance of all components. Arrangement of the caisson is carried out in several ways.

• Mounting from metal.
• Pouring concrete on the exposed formwork.
• Of concrete rings, whose diameter is not less than 1 meter.
• Installation of a finished caisson, made of plastic.

The most suitable will be a self-pouring of concrete, as the plastic is not so strong and requires additional reinforcement, the metal has the property of being corroded and destroyed, and the concrete rings do not provide a normal space for maintenance or repair, which may need a station for water supply to a private house.

The depth of the caisson directly depends on what level of freezing of the ground in the area of work, and on what type of pumping equipment is selected. Let's look at an example of the depth of the caisson. Let's assume that the freezing level of the soil is 1.2 m. This means that the water supply to the house will be located approximately 1.5 m. Next we take into account the fact that the well head should be located at a distance of 20-30 cm from the floor of the caisson. The thickness of the pouring of concrete is approximately 100 mm, and the bed of gravel of crushed stone is approximately 200 mm. Now, by simple arithmetic operations, we obtain the required depth of the pit for the caisson: 1.5 m + 0.3 m + 0.3 m = 2.1 m. Well, if an automation or pumping station is planned in the caisson, its depth should not be Less than 2.4 m (taking into account the distance of 1 m to the floor from the freezing level of the ground).

Another important point. It consists in the fact that the entrance to the caisson should protrude 30 cm above the ground, and to prevent accumulation of condensate in the summer and frost on the walls in winter it is necessary to equip the system of natural ventilation of the room.

Water supply to the house

Once the pump has been installed, it is necessary to proceed with the installation of the pipeline that leads to the house. To this end, as the scheme indicates, the private water supply system (or more precisely, its separate part) is laid in a trench, the depth of which should not be less than the estimated freezing point of the ground.

In the event that the automatic pressure monitoring system will be located directly in the caisson, and the project plans to connect the water supply not only to the residential building, but also to the economic buildings, it is necessary to equip all trenches in the same way and drill all the necessary holes that will be required for the installation of the water supply system . After this, the previously insulated water pipe is laid. Next, you should spill the water pipe laid in the trench with sand, level the surface and spill it with water. This will ensure an even distribution of the sealing sand layer.

In the same trench, you can lay an electric cable, which will feed the pump from the 220 V network. To do this, you need to stretch it into a plastic polypropylene or polyethylene pipe, lay it over the sealing layer of the water pipe, and drill another hole in the caisson wall. Slightly pouring the electric cable in the ground, it is necessary to lay a special polyethylene tape, which during excavation will signal the approach to the electrical and plumbing communications.

Automation of water supply from the well and its connection

One of the most important moments that will improve the water supply of a private house from a well is a pump automation scheme. It is implemented in order to maintain a stable pressure in the water supply system and prevent premature failure of the pump due to constant pumping of water. By its properties, the automatic water pressure monitoring system should perform the following functions.

• Check the pressure in the water supply system and, if necessary, switch on the pump for pumping.
• Protect the pump from overheating and premature failure. It is realized due to the dry-running sensor.
• Emergency power-off of the pump in the event of a pipeline failure.

It is possible to assemble the entire automatic system for spare parts, but this is only useful if at least half of the equipment is available. Otherwise, you can just come to the store and buy the automation, which at its price meets all the necessary requirements for providing a private home with water.

The scheme of water supply from the well, indicated in the picture, demonstrates the order of installation of all necessary components. If the automatic pump control system is not equipped with a dry run protection, then it is recommended to install it additionally.

The final stage

The water distribution of the plumbing through the premises is the stage that completes the installation of water supply in a private house. It is performed already when all the other work is done, and it only remains to connect the water consumers. It can be made both open (pipes pass through already faced walls) and closed (the whole water pipe is hidden behind decorative wall decoration) by a pipe method, the marking of which corresponds to the standards of materials used for food purposes.

It should be noted that the use of metal-plastic pipes for the open wiring system is not suitable, since in the process of operation it is often necessary to crimp the joints (fittings). The best option - the use of plastic pipes, all of which are connected using a special soldering iron. They can guarantee the absence of water leaks at all joints and do not require additional maintenance.

In principle, that's all. Water supply of a private house from a well has been installed. The automatic pressure control circuit is assembled and installed. Now you can install plumbing fixtures and enjoy the fruits of painstaking labor to the fullest.