Circulatory System

The circulatory system of every animal organism consists of a group of organs that participate in the process of blood circulation. As a result of its normal functioning, the necessary amount of oxygen and nutrients, hormones and salts, as well as other vital elements, is transferred. In addition, the circulatory system performs the second function. It takes away the waste of the exchange of cells and carries away from all parts of the body the carbon dioxide formed in it. A complex network, through which substances necessary for the functioning of the body are delivered to all of its systems, is formed from blood vessels, the heart and the blood itself.

The work of the system, which supplies nutrients to all organs, is based on the activity of the myocardium muscle. It is she, performing the function of the pump, pumps blood at high speed. The value of this value is eleven meters per second. With contractions of the heart muscle in the fluid, there is a pressure called excess. It exceeds atmospheric. Excessive stress in medical practice is called arterial tension. Its measurement begins with a set zero value equal in magnitude to atmospheric pressure. Within one minute of work done at a calm state of the body, the heart pumps through itself almost 3.6 liters of blood in order to maintain the created internal tension. Arterial pressure takes its maximum value at that moment, the code is contracting (systole). With the relaxation of the myocardium (diastole), the internal tension drops to zero.

The circulatory system through its network allows blood flow. It passes through the vessels, representing a liquid having a density of 1.06 grams per cubic centimeter. Blood flow moves through a system that includes arteries and large veins. These vessels repeatedly branch and gradually decrease in size to small capillaries. The blood flow moves at a rate that is set by the heart rhythm. The internal tension and the diameter of the lumen of the vessels also affect the movement of the fluid. Arteries pass through the bloodstream at a rate of fifty centimeters per second. In the veins, its value is 20 cm / s. Capillaries have the lowest speed due to their small diameter. It does not exceed two millimeters per second. In this case, the pulse oscillations in the capillaries are extinguished.

The volume of the circulatory system is much higher than the amount in the blood. It is filled only by one forty thousandths. In this there is a reason. If circumstances arise that require a large flow of blood to the organs, it will move in the right direction.

Anatomy of the heart and blood vessels allows you to constantly ply blood in a triangle, including the lungs, the muscle of the myocardium and the liver. In this case, the necessary nutrients, passing through the arteries and capillaries and getting into every cell of the human body, contribute to the normal functioning of the body. With the formation of cardiac muscle and vessels of pathological phenomena, diseases of the circulatory system arise . These ailments include:

Acute rheumatic fever ;

- ischemic heart disease;

- ailments accompanied by increased blood pressure;

- rheumatic chronic heart diseases;

- violation of pulmonary circulation of blood;

- cerebrovascular diseases;

- diseases of capillaries and arteries;

- ailments of veins, lymphatic vessels and nodes;

- other diseases of blood vessels and heart.

The circulatory system, as well as its health, is under the close attention of medical science. The reason for this is the disappointing statistics, which put heart and vascular diseases at the first place in the world in terms of mortality.