Circuit diagrams for circuit breakers and sockets. Outdoor socket. How to connect the light switch

Sockets and switches are the main elements of the home electrical network. The question of their installation by their own hands for many is relevant. From the drawing up of the correct circuit of connection of switches and sockets and installation the comfort and reliability of work of all electrical appliances in the house depends.

When laying the power grid, the main factors are the safety and convenience of using outlets and switches.

Standards for installation

To determine the number of outlets and the choice of their locations, one should know the installation standards required by the PUE:

• The presence of a grounding contact with a separate supply, which is not a conductor of electric current under normal conditions.
• There should be no outlets above the sinks or under them, in cabinets and other uncomfortable places.
• Sockets in living quarters and in the kitchen should be powered from separate lines. Kitchen elements and lighting can be connected in one group.
• In residential premises, it is possible to connect the sockets in rooms with high humidity (bath, toilet, bath) only through the RCD.
• It is recommended to place the connection points of electrical appliances at a distance from grounded elements: metal pipelines, shells and other utility networks.

Norms for installing switches

• Switches are always installed in the breakage of the phase conductor.
• In rooms with high humidity and in the attic, their availability is not allowed.
• Above the floor level, the switches are located at a height of 1.5 m. At the entrance to the room they are installed on the side of the door handle.
• With simultaneous switching of more than 20 lamps, only automata can be installed.
• The external socket or switch on the outside wall of the house must have a design with protection not lower than IP44.

Wiring Modes

After drawing up the circuit of connection of switches and sockets it is necessary to calculate their parameters and required cross-section of veins. Then you need to lay the wire and install the switching equipment in place.

• The installation of the wiring is done open and hidden. The first method is mainly in the back rooms and outside the house. For concealed wiring, it is necessary to make dusty and labor-consuming work of grooving the grooves for wires with recesses for junks and junction boxes.
• The process of wall slashing is not a problem in the presence of a special tool, which is usually not in personal use. Shtruborezku and other devices can be rented.
• For pits under podrozetniki and grooves, a perforator with a crown and a special nozzle is used. The gasket is made easier if you mark the way in advance by drilling holes in the walls. With gipsokartonnymi partitions to cope much easier if you buy a special round nozzle on the drill.
• The equipment for outdoor installation is of an open type and must be protected from dust and moisture.

When wiring is entered into a room, the connection of outlets and switches is done through different lines. They can be from two to four under equipment:

• lighting;
• Sockets for the router, computer, TV, charging the phone and other household appliances;
• Air conditioner or electric heater.

The cables are connected through the end or through junction boxes. In the first case, wires that connect with other elements do not emerge from them. The transit box has such a connection.

Installation of the socket

Connection of sockets and switches by their own hands is made according to the rules.

When conducting electrical work, the entire apartment is de-energized. The wire for the sockets is used three-wire, where the blue wire serves to connect the neutral, yellow-green - for protective earthing, and the latter can have any color and is connected to the phase. The wire comes from the control panel automaton or from the box. For conventional outlets, its cross-section is 2.5 mm ² , but here it is necessary to take into account the power of the connected device.

The wires are passed through the holes of the podzroetnikov and are mounted to the power terminals of the sockets. For them, the phase is usually located on the user's left hand, and zero - on the right, when he stands face to the outlet. This has no special significance, although for a powerful electrical equipment it can be of principle. The ground wire is connected to a separately located contact.

The contacts can be self-clamping, where no tightening with screws is required. The bare ends of the wire are inserted into them, and the built-in spring presses them to the current-carrying terminals. Installation should be done neatly, otherwise the contacts will be weakened, and the electrical circuit will be disrupted, or the conductors will overheat in these places. No more than two cores can be connected to one terminal.

In the box, the socket is fastened with clamps. If it is fixed with spreading paws, they hold it worse. It is better to use self-tapping screws, which are screwed into the holes of the jar. The cover of the socket must be close to the wall. She is screwed to the inside. The external socket is mounted on the wall surface and is used for open wiring. Such an installation is simpler, but for aesthetic reasons, the apparatuses try to make internal ones.

Connecting multiple outlets

Several devices are connected side by side. The circuit should take into account the cross-section of the wires and the load on each outlet. The junction box for outlets and switches of the concealed installation is located in the room, and the supply wire from the circuit-breaker of the control panel is fed to it. The main connections are made in it.

It is advisable to bring to each outlet in the room a separate food. Then, if one of them fails, the rest will remain functional. The method is expensive, but it is often used because of its high reliability. This especially applies to the connection of powerful consumers.

Parallel connection of all outlets to one line saves money and labor for installation. The disadvantage in the connections of the devices by the loop is the disconnection of the whole group in case of a failure in the operation of one. Therefore, the first try to connect an average outlet, and from it - the rest.

Circuits for connecting switches and sockets are made through junction boxes where wiring connections are made using terminal blocks, soldering, welding, crimping, screw clamps. Twisting is not recommended. According to the rules, in all places where conductors are connected and branches are made, a margin is created along the length of the wire so that it can be used again to update the connection later. Boxes are recommended to have an indentation of 10-20 cm from the ceiling, where there will be no casual touches to them. They can easily be hidden and, if necessary, have access to repair wiring.

Connecting switches

Switches serve to connect the power to the lamps. Usually they close the phase wire. Protective and zero wires through them do not pass. To the zero wire is connected one terminal of the luminaire, and to the phase wire - the input of the switch. On the opposite side is the terminal, from which the wire goes to the second contact of the device.

Two-key switch

Rules showing how to connect a two-key light switch are the same as the simplest device. The only difference is that the device has two terminals, which are usually connected to the chandelier. Each of them is associated with a key that allows the inclusion of a separate group of lamps. The two-button model combines two simple devices in one housing.

Advantage of the method is the possibility of simultaneous or separate inclusion of two groups of fixtures from one device. More switchings require additional laying of the phase wires to the switch and the lamps. A diagram showing how to connect a two-key light switch is always on the reverse side of the switch. It can also be found in the accompanying instruction.

Socket-switch in one housing: how to connect?

The switch is connected from the outlet, if they are combined in a common housing. The method is used for unloading the junction box, saving the wire and connecting a nearby luminaire, for example, around the bed in the bedroom.

The connection is made as follows:

• The outlet is supplied with power in the usual way;
• The phase is connected to the breaker input;
• The protective conductor can also be connected from the socket;
• The switch is connected from the switch output and the socket outlet.

The reverse connection of the socket from the switch is not done, since the zero wire is not supplied to it. The outlet can only be turned on or off from the circuit breaker located in the control cabinet.

Conclusion

Schemes for connecting switches and sockets are not difficult, but they should be performed correctly. First of all, this is related to electrical safety. Step by step implementing all the recommendations of installation and properly assembling the circuit, you can avoid many problems and ensure the reliability of the home electrical network.