China In the X - Viii Before N, E.

In the immediate vicinity of the ethnic territory of the Austronesian tribes and in the I millennium BC. E. There was a proto-state association of Chu, created, in all probability, by the far ancestors of the modern peoples of the Miao-yao group. Politically, Chu was always opposed to Zhou. In the early X century. BC. E. Chou ruler Zhao-wang tried to subordinate Chu with military force and undertook several campaigns to the south. The last one ended in a very unsuccessful way for the Choueucians, and Zhao-van did not return to the capital.

On the western borders of Zhou in the I millennium BC. E. Genetically related proto-Tibetan-Siberian tribes, who by that time already differed significantly from them in their economic-cultural type and, probably, also in language. In the sources they are usually referred to as the "jung" and are characterized as semi-nomadic people, one of the main branches of the economy of which was cattle breeding. China In the X - Viii BC. E. .

In the IX-VIII centuries. BC. E. The Chzhuans first encounter the Xianyun - a new enemy, the unexpected appearance of which allows us to assume that there were early nomads spreading to the east from the Eurasian steppes. Reflecting the sudden attacks of the Xianyun tribes on the area, located in close proximity to the Chou capital, required the mobilization of large military forces. Nevertheless, the governor several times had to leave the city, which turned out to be a looted enemy.

This new situation was extremely unprofitable for the Chuvians. Their capital, located in the far west, was under constant threat. In 771 BC. E. The ruler of Yu-van suffers another defeat, is taken prisoner, and his son Ping-van moves the capital east - to Loi (near the modern Luoyang in Henan province). This event marked the beginning of a new period in the history of the Chou state - the so-called Chunqiu (after the name of the ancient Chinese chronicle, which reflected the events of that time).

The Chunqiu period is marked by the weakening of the power of Wang and more and more clearly manifested by the transformation of the whole system of social ranks. The main trend of this process at first was expressed in the gradual separation of the hereditary possessions of the Zhuhou, who soon become virtually independent of the Chou ruler. Zhuhou cease to fulfill their traditional duties in relation to va-nu - to regularly send him tribute, to attend an audience for the submission of obedience. There is a known case when, after the death of Van, the hereditary rulers refused to come to his funeral with the corresponding offerings, because of this the mourning ceremony was postponed and was held only after a few years.

China In the X - Viii BC. E.