Vlas Doroshevich, Russian journalist, publicist: biography, creativity

Vlas Doroshevich is a famous Russian publicist and journalist, one of the most popular feuilletonists of the late XIX - early XX centuries. Also known as a deep and bright theater critic.

Biography of the feuilletonist

Vlas Doroshevich was born in Moscow in 1865. His father was a journalist, Sergei Sokolov, but died early of a serious illness. His mother was also associated with literature, received a classical education at the Smolny Institute, and was actively published in the Moscow periodicals.

Vlas Doroshevich owes his surname to the adoptive father, who adopted him at the age of six. The mother left her son in the hotel, not being ready to bring him up alone, without her husband.

Mother Doroshevich thought about it only after 10 years. However, despite her reckless act, the court took the side of the woman and gave her the abandoned child. This episode left a mark on the whole fate of Doroshevich. To the theme of legitimate, but unfortunate children, he has since applied regularly.

At the age of 7, Vlas Doroshevich entered the Moscow Gymnasium No. 4. Over the next few years he changed several educational institutions. Most often, the reason for the deduction is his bad behavior, as well as disrespectful attitude to the elders and superiors. In the final analysis, he graduates from the gymnasium.

Vlas Doroshevich also starts to cooperate with the capital's newspapers. The first publications are published in the Moscow leaflet and the Petersburg newspaper.

To Doroshevich comes the glory

The real popularity of the work of Doroshevich was acquired at the very end of the XIX century, when he began to publish in Odessa periodicals, mostly with humorous works.

From 1902 to the very October Revolution he worked as an editor of the newspaper "Russian Word", which belonged to the famous publisher Sytin. For a short period Doroshevich made this edition the most popular in the country, the circulation of the "Russian word" outnumbered all other newspapers and magazines.

In 1918 Vlas Doroshevich moved to Sevastopol, his biography in the last years of his life was directly connected with the Crimea. He did not support the counter-revolutionary movement and left for a while from public life and journalism. At the end of the Civil War, being seriously ill, declared about the recognition of Soviet power. He returned to Petrograd in 1921, where he soon died of tuberculosis, which had already developed in the Crimea.

Humorous works

In domestic journalism Doroshevich entered, beginning to print humorous stories. These works from 1881 he publishes in the Moscow leaf. Initially anonymous.

The first story Doroshevich known to us was called "revenge". He was published in the Moscow magazine "Wave". His author was Uncle Vlas. In this same periodical, he begins the author's column "The Diary of the Profane." In fact, she ridiculed the "Notes of the Deceiver" literary critic Nikolai Mikhailovsky. True, the rubric was immediately closed, in the first publication, Doroshevich criticized the ties between Russian journalism and capital, directly accusing them of creating custom-made materials.

So Doroshevich declared his desire for independence and the unacceptability of corrupt journalism. In these same publications there are already acute critical notes, a living word and subtle sarcasm accompanying his further humorous stories and other publications.

Doroshevich's feuilletons

Vlas Doroshevich played a major role in the development of Russian journalism. The feuilletons written by him are still considered a model for imitation in this genre. For this he was even called the "king of feuilletons."

He skillfully compiled a variety of genres - a political pamphlet, a documentary story, a satirical monologue and many others. He formed his own style of "short line", thanks to which the works were laconic, precise and energetic. He left he was a prolific at that time verbosity, influencing not only journalists of the time, but also writers.

In the days of Doroshevich, newspaper prose becomes one with the great Russian literature thanks to careful and scrupulous work with the word. A large layer of feuilletons Doroshevich devoted to the theater. In them he defended the principles of realism in art, sharply criticizing decadence, which at that time penetrated into all layers of society.

Odessa period

In 1893 Doroshevich moved to Odessa. Here he becomes a feuilletonist in a large provincial newspaper "Odessa leaf". He gets down to business from the very first publication, sharply criticizing the head of the city. Resonance was so strong that Doroshevich had to leave Odessa for some time and return to St. Petersburg.

After 6 months, he returns and already continuously prints his Odessa satirical articles until 1899. The main topics he paid attention to are the bureaucracy of the authorities in the localities, philistine traditions, the inept desire of entrepreneurs and traders to earn on everything. At the same time, he advocates the interests of the poorest sections of the population, progressive and progressive figures.

It was here that attracted the attention of the democratic intelligentsia Vlas Doroshevich. The Odessa language, actively used by him in feuilletons, was highly appreciated by Gorky. True, at the same time, many contemporary writers criticized Doroshevich for his cheeky style.

Since 1895, Doroshevich begins in the Odessa leaflet to publish reports on his foreign travels, making the publication even more popular. He goes to America, from where he sends numerous articles and essays on local bourgeois mores.

"Anecdotal time"

A vivid example of the skill of the feuilletonist, who was famous for Vlas Doroshevich, is "Anecdotal Time". This is a feuilleton, written in 1905.

In it, the author zealously criticizes the emerging cravings of everyone and tell jokes about everything. On all sorts of topics and among all kinds of people. Anecdote in Russia at the beginning of the XX century, according to Doroshevich, replaces the high-intellectual intellectual conversation, the discussion of the current situation in the country. Instead, everyone tries to make fun of.

On literary evenings and receptions, the main ones are not poets with their new works or performing classical music, but the masters tell fresh jokes. "All life has turned into a continuous anecdote," the author notes sadly.

"The case of cannibalism"

Another bright feuilleton, written by Vlas Doroshevich - "The case of cannibalism." The action takes place in the town of Zaviřiaisk. It all begins with the loss of the police inspector Siluyanov. He can not be found for a long time, and soon it turns out that the merchant Semipudovy tells how he ate the pie with the missing. However, what happened next does not remember, since he was very drunk. He is immediately detained on suspicion of cannibalism.

At the same time, it is obvious to the reader that the pie heroes ate together, and the merchant did not at all prepare the filling for the pie from Siluyanov. However, none of the heroes of the story understand this.

In this work Doroshevich sharply criticizes the work of law enforcement agencies, as well as courts and prosecutors. He demonstrates their complete incompetence and ignorance. The customs of the provincial town are also vividly demonstrated. The missing Siluyanov appears at the end, confessing that he drank all this time. And his best characterizes the way he was angry when he saw a book from any commoner. This feuilleton shows many aspects of society at that time. In a small satirical work he covers the problems of culture, education and law enforcement system, stopping at each painful issue of each of these spheres.

The main value of these feuilletons is that they are written for readers with any level of education, it is easy for the writer and the handyman to understand the author's humor and intent. This is the unique nationality of Doroshevich's works.

"Katorga"

A special attention in his work Doroshevich pays a trip to Sakhalin. There he went in 1897, working in the Odessa leaf. Together with him went and hard labor. The result of this trip was an essay, authored by Doroshevich Vlas, - "Katorga." In it, the whole life of hard labor was truthfully described. And most importantly - the horror and despair that awaited them on Sakhalin. And not only prisoners, but also free local residents.

Doroshevich tells a lot of stories about crimes, in which the human destinies of convicts who got here in details appear.

In 1903 he collected it in a single book of essays "Sakhalin," which played an important role in the formation of revolutionary sentiments on the eve of 1905. The book was banned and seized, but the wave had already been launched.

Doroshevich and the "Russian word"

The greatest popularity Doroshevich achieved by working in the "Russian word". In 1902 he became its editor, reforming the West European type. This newspaper has become the most popular periodical in Russia.

The secret of success was in low price, high efficiency and staff. In addition to Doroshevich's "Russian Word" written Gilyarovsky, Nemirovich-Danchenko and Amphitheatres.

Becoming an editor, Doroshevich appointed in each department of individual employees, as was done in the newspapers of England and France. At the head of each department put a separate editor. Every working day began with the morning gliders, at which the work plans and the resonance created by the last number were discussed.

The number was printed for about 22 hours, but the latest news was made right in the process of release until 4 o'clock in the morning. This is how it was possible to achieve unprecedented at that time efficiency.

Doroshevich's plans were to establish correspondent points in the largest cities of Russia.

The fate of Doroshevich after the revolution

In 1917 Doroshevich lived in Petrograd. At that time, he was already seriously ill and only occasionally delivered lectures on foreign journalists of the past. He saw the fate of the French revolution as tragic and, on her example, tried to warn contemporaries what the events of the October coup may lead to.

At first he was against the revolution, appearing in print criticizing the ideas of the Bolsheviks and Lenin. However, later he recognized the Soviet power, and even during the Soviet period he was actively published. But after the collapse of the Union, his works finally disappeared from the bookshelves.

Doroshevich's influence

Researchers note the great influence that Doroshevich has had on Russian literature and journalism. It consists in the development of many journalistic genres, a new approach to them. This is especially true of the satirical article.

His own style of "short line" became a model of imitation for many contemporaries and descendants.