World History: Fascism in Italy

Fascism in Italy arose at the end of the nineteenth century, as a form of government and an authoritarian nationalist ideology, the signs of which were a strong personality cult and the idea of constant wars. Here the state was recognized as the creator of law and gave individual freedoms a legal form. Thus, it was not only a territorial and trade institution, but also an institution spiritual and moral. According to Mussolini, the country and a new ideology should raise the people from primitive existence to the height of human power, the so-called empire. Therefore, in his opinion, only fascism in Italy could solve the contradictions of capitalism. Mussolini combined the concepts of "nation" and "state" into one whole - an individual or a group, which are will, power and domination, having the idea of power.

Fascism in Italy arose earlier than in other countries. Political, economic and social problems caused by the outcome of the First World War contributed to this. Unemployment and poverty prevailed in the country.

After the war in Italy, which was able to get some land, the city of Risk was declared free, which caused outrage among the public. The government did not interfere with the occupation of the city by the troops of Gabriele D'Annunzio. They ruled there for sixteen months, thereby bringing elements of fascism into the country.

Later, the organization "Combat Squads" led by Mussolini takes as a model the style of D'Annunzio's policy. Mussolini unites the organization in a fascist party (NFP) and organizes a mass movement.

The ideology of the new movement attracted the participants of the war, as well as the youth, who saw in it the political force from which they were waiting for the solution of national and personal problems. Fascism in Italy actually continued the world war by civil war . At the same time, the police and the government, without interfering in the activities of the movement, encouraged his actions. Thus, fascism received strong support from the VKP and the unions of landlords. In addition, Mussolini was appointed prime minister of the country.

Already in 1921 Mussolini became the head of the Italian government, and by 1924 his party gained a majority of votes, which allows it to dominate the parliament. Thus, over time, fascist corporations began to be created, which helped the head of government completely suppress the parliament and create a House of Fascist organizations. As a result, new laws began to be issued that allowed the expansion of Mussolini's power at the expense of the parliament, contributed to the dissolution of city assemblies of deputies, and the abolition of freedom of association and the press. Over time, there was a trend of single-handed dictatorship. The Fascist Party becomes part of the state apparatus of a country like Italy. Fascism here was characterized by mass terror. Often in the country there were suppression of mass actions and bloody massacre of dissidents. The property of the dictatorship of Mussolini was external expansion, he was scheduled course for the revival of the Roman Empire. In carrying out this program, many countries were captured. And in 1940 Italy together with Germany and Japan declares war on England and France, and after a while Greece. At this time, the Italian press was full of promises about the imminent revival of the European Roman Empire, but the finale was not quite as expected.

Thus, considering the history of those years, it should be said that fascism in Italy and Germany began its development due to the economic, social and political crisis in the post-war years. And if Mussolini came to power three years after the founding of the party and six years strengthened it, Hitler seized power only thirteen years, but within six months eliminated all the forces that competed with him. Important role of personalities in establishing a totalitarian regime in countries. They imposed their ideas, concentrated military production, developed the economy, using mass terror.