Who is Caesar and what is he famous for?

Most of today's people know the name of Julius Caesar. It is mentioned as the name for a salad, one of the months of summer, as well as in movies and on television. What, then, did this historical person conquer people, that they remember who Caesar is, even two thousand years after his death?

Origin

A future general, a politician, a writer was from the patriotic family of Julius. At one time this family played a significant role in the life of Rome. Like any ancient family, they had their own mythical version of origin. The line of their surname led to the goddess Venus.

Gaius' mother was Aurelius Cotta, who came from a kind of rich plebeians. By name it is clear that her family bore the name Aureliev. His father was Gaius Julius Caesar the elder. He belonged to the patricians.

Intensive discussions continue about the dictator's birth year. Most often called 100 or 101 BC. There is also no consensus on the number. As a rule, three versions are called: March 17, July 12, July 13.

To understand who Caesar is, one should turn to his childhood. He grew up in a Roman district, which had a rather bad reputation. He studied at home, mastering the Greek language, literature, rhetoric. Knowledge of Greek allowed him to receive further education, since most scientific works were written on it. One of his teachers was the famous rhetorician Gniphon, who at one time taught Cicero.

Presumably in 85 BC. Guy had to lead the Yuliyev family because of the sudden death of his father.

Personality: appearance, character, habits

On the appearance of Guy Julius, a lot of descriptions have been left, many of his sculptural portraits, including those in his lifetime, have been made. Caesar, photo (reconstruction) of which is presented above, was, in the opinion of Suetonius, of high growth, with fair skin. He was well built and had dark, living eyes.

The politician and the military leader took care of himself very carefully. He cut his nails, shaved, pulled out his hair. Having a bald head on the front of the head, he hid it in every possible way, combing his hair from the parietal part to the forehead. In the opinion of Plutarch, the physique of Caesar was very frail.

Ancient authors are unanimous in that the dictator was energetic. He quickly reacted to changing circumstances. According to Pliny the Elder, he communicated with many people through correspondence. If desired, the dictator could simultaneously read and dictate to several secretaries letters to different addressees. At the same time, he could write something at that moment.

Gaius Julius practically did not drink wine and was very unpretentious in food. At the same time he brought from his military campaigns elements of luxury, such as mosaic floors, expensive utensils. He bought up paintings, statues, beautiful slaves.

Family and personal life

Julius Caesar, whose biography is considered, was officially married three times. Although there is also information that before these marriages he was engaged to Cossussia. His wives were:

• Cornelia from the consul's family.
• Pompey is the granddaughter of dictator Sulla.
• Calpurnia is a representative of a rich plebeian family.

Cornelia and the commander had a daughter, whom he married for his companion, Gnaeus Pompey. As for his relationship with Cleopatra, they took place while Gaius Julius was in Egypt. After that, a child was born to Cleopatra, to whom the Alexandrians gave the name Caesarion. However, Julius Caesar did not recognize him as his son and did not enter into the will.

Military and political activities

The beginning of his career was the position of the flume of Jupiter, which Guy took in the 80's BC. To this end, he broke off the engagement and married the daughter of Cornelia Cinna, who nominated him for this honorable post. But everything changed quickly, when power was replaced in Rome, and Guy had to leave the city.

To understand who Caesar is, allows many examples from his life. One of them is the case when he was captured by pirates, demanding a ransom. The politician was ransomed, but immediately after that he organized the capture of his captors and executed them, crucified on crosses.

Who was Julius Caesar in ancient Rome? He held the following positions:

• Pontiff;
• Military tribune;
• A financial quaestor in Dalian Spain;
• The caretaker of the Appian Way, which he repaired for his own money;
• Kurul an edil - was engaged in the organization of city construction, trade, solemn actions;
• Head of a permanent criminal court;
• A lifelong great pontiff;
• Governor of Spain.

All these posts were expensive. He took the money from his creditors, who provided them with understanding.

The First Triumvirate

After a successful viceroyalty in the Far East, politics was waiting for Triumph in Rome. However, he refused such honors for reasons of career growth. The fact is that the term (by age) came up, when he could be elected consul to the senate. But for this it was required to personally register their candidacy. At the same time, the person who is waiting for Triumph, can not sooner appear in the city. He had to make a choice in favor of a further career, giving up honors that relied on the winner.

After studying who Caesar is, it becomes clear that his ambition was more flattered to take place in the Senate in the first year, when this is legal. At that time it was considered very honorable.

As a result of long political combinations, the politician reconciled two of his companions, resulting in the emergence of the first triumvirate. Expression means "union of three husbands". The year of its creation is for certain unknown, since this union was of a secret nature. Historians suggest that this happened in 59 or 60 BC. It included Caesar, Pompey, Crassus. As a result of all the actions Guy Julia managed to become a consul.

Participation in the Gallic War

His triumvirate Julius Caesar, whose biography is presented in the article, began to disappoint the citizens of Rome. However, because of his departure to the provinces, all displeasure was to result in Gnieus Pompey.

At this time in the territory of present-day France, the province of Narbonne Gaul was formed. Caesar arrived in Genava, on the site of which now is Geneva, for talks with the leaders of one of the Celtic tribes. Under the onslaught of the Germans, these tribes began to settle in the territory of the Roman Republic. Guy had to fight for the provincial lands with Gauls and Germans. At the same time, he conducted an expedition to Britain.

After a series of victories, Caesar succeeded to 50 years BC. Subordinate all of Gaul to Rome. However, he did not forget to follow the events in the Eternal City. Sometimes he even interfered with them through his trusted representatives.

Establishing a dictatorship

Returning to Rome, the commander came into conflict with Gnaeus Pompey. In the years 49-45 BC. This led to the Civil War. Guy Caesar had many supporters throughout Italy. He drew a considerable part of his troops to his side and headed for Rome. Pompey was forced to flee to Greece. The war unfolded throughout the republic. The commander and his legions alternated victories and defeats. The decisive battle was the battle of Farsal, the winner of which was Caesar.

I had to flee again. This time he went to Egypt. Julius started after him. None of the opponents expected Pompey to be killed in Egypt. Here Gaius Julius was forced to stay. In the beginning, the reason was in the wind that was unfavorable for the ships, and then the commander decided to improve his financial position at the expense of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Thus, he became a party to the struggle for the throne between Ptolemy Thirteenth and Cleopatra.

In Egypt, he spent several months, after which he continued his campaign to restore the territory of Rome, which began to disintegrate due to the Civil War.

Caesar became a dictator three times:

1. In 49 BC, for a period of 11 days, after which he resigned.
2. In 48 BC, for a year, after which he continued the board as proconsul, and later the consul.
3. In the year 46 BC. Became a dictator without formal justification for a period of 10 years.

All his power rested on the army, so Caesar's election to all subsequent posts was a formality.

For his reign Gaius Julius Caesar (photo of the sculpture can be seen above), along with his colleagues carried out many reforms. However, it is rather difficult to determine which of them relate directly to the time of his reign. The most famous is the reform of the Roman calendar. Citizens had to go to the solar calendar, which was developed by a scientist from Alexandria Sosingen. So, from 45 years BC. Appeared today known to all the Julian calendar.

Death and Testament

Now it is clear who Julius Caesar is, whose biography ended rather tragically. In 44 BC. Against his autocracy there was a conspiracy. Opponents and supporters of the dictator feared that he would call himself king. One of the groups was led by Mark Junius Brutus.

At a meeting of the Senate, the conspirators realized the plan for the destruction of Caesar. On his body after the murder was found 23 stab wounds. The body of the citizens of Rome was burned at the Forum.

Guy Julius made his successor nephew Gaius Octavian (adopted him), who received three quarters of the inheritance and became known as: Gaius Julius Caesar.

During his reign, he pursued a policy of sacralization of his own name and gender. Apparently, the success of his actions to promote his own person exceeded his expectations. Perhaps, therefore, in the modern world Guy Julius Caesar is known to both schoolchildren and representatives of the art world.