The concept of the human psyche

The concept of the psyche in psychology, medicine and philosophy does not coincide. Differences of interpretation are due to the subject of study of each of the sciences. In medicine, the concept of the psyche is explained not so much by the influence of external, environmental factors, as genetic (internal), congenital. Psychology also defines it as the ability of the human brain to reflect the actual reality in the form of images, to respond to internal and external stimuli. This reaction is manifested in the ability, as a result of interaction with some objects, to consciously change certain qualities in accordance with those features and characteristics that are borrowed from the objective world. The concept of the psyche as a way of reflecting material reality depends on the form in which matter exists.

A long evolutionary period, accompanied by communication and work, was not in vain. He preceded the formation of the psyche of a man who allowed him to become what he had become. Animals can also reflect, but their possibilities are limited only to photographic mapping. The highest form of the human psyche can be called consciousness. Personality, unlike animals, can not only know the world, but also comprehend it, purposefully transform it at its own discretion. Reflective function of the brain is carried out through the senses. He compares the new information with the previously known, compares, combines, accumulates, remembers and delivers to them. And already on its basis a person makes conscious actions in relation to what surrounds him. In addition, meaningfulness consists in the ability of the personality to distinguish not only the external world, but also its internal, to separate its "I" from the environment. Reflection is active, knowing the world, a person chooses what to do and how. It develops, consolidates and deepens in the process of practical work.

The concept of the psyche of the individual has one more feature that distinguishes it from the psyche of the animal. It consists in the fact that a person not only inherits or acquires forms of behavior, but also masters, developing, a new means of orientation in reality - the experience of all mankind, concentrated in the form of knowledge and transmitted through speech. It is on the basis of the word that interiorization takes place - the transition from action with objects of material to mental actions, to the manipulation of ideas about things, their images. The human psyche can be formed, enriched and developed only in the conditions of society. If an isolated animal does not lose its qualities, then the person, divorced from society, on the contrary, will lose all the properties of the species. The concept of the old age mentality suggests that it begins to be formed from the moment of birth, being exposed to the influence of the external world, and in the process of human growth it gradually passes from cognitive imagery, characteristic of children, to higher knowledge, including the ability to build generalizations characteristic of adults. And at the same time, this transition does not exclude sensory, imaginative perception. On the contrary, based on it, a person learns to generalize, build thoughts, generate ideas.

From all of the above it becomes clear that the concept of the psyche and its functions are inseparable and consist in the formation in man of the most adequate conception of reality, including oneself, by contact directly with the objects of material reality, and also by judgments and inferences. Since the brain is an organ of mental activity, its injuries, illnesses can lead to mental disorders, to the development of mental illnesses. To avoid this, it is necessary to comply with the norms of psychohygiene.