How to put the sound "p" at home? Articulatory gymnastics for sound "p"

It is known that the sound "p" in Russian is one of the most complex. It requires certain vibrations and movements of the speech apparatus. We learn to say "p" to five years. If to this age the child does not manage to correctly pronounce this sound, this is a serious reason to think about visiting a speech therapist. The reasons for the violation can be different. However, some of them can be managed independently. How to put the sound "p" at home?

How to check?

Any correction begins with a diagnosis. In order for the child to learn new speech skills correctly and without extra efforts, it is necessary to conduct a small articulatory test. It includes speech tests to hit the phoneme in different positions. Thanks to this, one can understand the pronunciation of the "p" sound in what words causes difficulty in the child. And also to find out which part of the speech apparatus needs training.

The question of how to put a child sound "p", is solved in several stages. First you need to check his isolated pronunciation. Let the child "snarl" a little. After this, you need to try different positions:

• The beginning of the word: cancer, river, hand, lynx.
• The middle of the word, between the vowels: the road, the tree, the pirate, the coach.
• The middle of the word after / in front of the consonant / -th: patron, picture, tractor driver.
• End of the word: cook, jeweler, tiger.
• Also, it is necessary to trace the pronunciation of the sound in such complex words by articulation as: quarry, barrier, barricades, terrarium.

Depending on the variants of the correct pronunciation , a logopedic correction takes place. So, for example, if the child does not manage to pronounce neither the isolated "p" nor the words, then it is necessary to arrange the sound, and then fix its reproduction in combinations with other phonemes. If, on the other hand, the sound vibrates purely and is distorted in different positions, then it is necessary to work on fixing its pronunciation.

When do you need a correction?

In practice, physiological disorders are manifested in various features of pronunciation. Correction of the phoneme "p" is required in the following cases:

• When the sound is skipped at all (instead of kaRavai pronounced ka_avai);
• When "p" is replaced by phonemes "l" or "d" (kaLavai, Yak);
• When there is a softening of the sound in words, where, on the contrary, it should sound firmly (riga, ryuka);
• With regard to the French pronunciation of "p", there are about 30 types of violations, they can be identified by a specialist.

Causes

Logically, the question arises as to why such a difference in sound occurs? From the point of view of physiology specialists distinguish several reasons:

Violation of the mobility of speech organs. When pronouncing words with the sound "p", the tongue and lips of a person normally make certain movements. If this does not happen, it does not happen correctly. The primary task here is to determine the defect.

Checking . To do this, you can do the following exercises with the child:

• Before the mirror open and close your mouth, "splashing" your lips like a fish. Then pull them out with a tube and stretch them in a smile.
• Far to stick out and hide the language back.
• Make movements up-down, right-left broad part of the language (not the tip!).
• Alternately close the left, then the right eye. If you follow, then with this movement, the wide part of the language makes small movements to the right and left.

A short frenum of the tongue. It is an innate feature, in which the mobility of the tongue is disturbed. It adjoins the bottom of the oral cavity and is fixed sharply from the front.

Checking . Check the length of the bridle with a sample: the child should open his mouth and the tip of the tongue to reach the bottom of the upper teeth, while uttering the sound "e". If the exercise fails, the bridle is determined to be shortened.

Violation of verbal hearing. Some children confuse close-by-sounding phonemes (sounds). The consequence of this is incorrect pronunciation and delay in development.

Checking. As a diagnosis, you can offer the child to "catch" the sound of "p" in different words, phonemes and combinations of phonemes: paw, frame, p, o, p, s, w, ma, op, ish, ec , etc. When recognizing "P" he should clap his hands. Due to such a multivariate, one can understand where confusion occurs.

Wrong breathing in speech . Breathing is the basis of the sound of the voice. With superficial breathing or inconsistent speech expiration, there may be a "swallowing" of sounds or grazing (kartovost). The last moment is very difficult for correction.

Articulatory gymnastics

Each problem described above has an individual solution. So, with disturbances in the mobility of speech helps to cope articulatory gymnastics for the sound of "p". It is aimed at alternating tension and relaxation of the muscles of the tongue. A series of exercises with daily repetition gives a noticeable result after a week. This is a very convenient tool for choosing the solution to the problem, how to put the sound "p" at home.

Exercises:

"Spade"

The mouth is slightly ajar, the tongue loosely lies on the lower lip. And the upper one freely slaps on the tongue and at the same time the sound of "five-five-five ..." is pronounced. Finally, leave the tongue in the relaxed (initial) position for 10 seconds.

"Let's brush our teeth"

The mouth is ajar. The tip of the tongue should be the brushing of the teeth from the outer and inner sides in the direction of up and down and left to right on each tooth.

"We hammer nails"

The mouth is ajar. The tip of the tongue is "tapping" on the base of the upper teeth on a score of 1 to 10.

"Painter"

The mouth is ajar. Lips and jaws are fixed. The tip of the tongue, like a brush, slides over the upper sky from the depth to the base of the teeth and back. Repeat the exercise up to 10 times.

Short bridle

The articulatory gymnastics for "p" sound includes exercises for stretching a shortened frenum. They are relevant at an early age, help stretch the sublingual ligament, while the tissues are amenable to changes.

Exercises:

"Horse"

The mouth is ajar. His lips are fixed in a smile. The wide part of the tongue is pressed against the upper sky and "tear off" it with a click. It must be ensured that the lips and lower jaw remain immobile.

"Fungus"

The mouth is wide open, the tongue is completely pressed against the upper sky. Then, when you close your mouth, it breaks away from the sky. This exercise is accompanied by a certain breathing rhythm. Breathing through the nose - the mouth is open, exhaling through the mouth during its closing.

"Harmonic"

The exercise is similar to the previous one. Only now the tongue remains pressed to the sky with a wide open and closed mouth. Repeat this movement should be up to 10 times.

"Swing"

The mouth is ajar. His lips are fixed in a smile. Wide part of the tongue is raised for the upper teeth, and then lowered for the lower ones. The tongue does not narrow, but the lips and jaws do not move.

If the exercises do not benefit or the anomaly is detected late, it is started, then it can be eliminated only by surgical means, by a small fringe reticle. This is a quick and safe procedure.

Speech therapy exercises

Speech therapy exercises for "p" sound are also intended for the development of the speech apparatus. Specialists recommend techniques in certain respiratory rhythms. They will help in parallel to remove violations of the mobility of speech organs and speech breathing. Such universal exercises include:

• Multiple pronunciation of "d" and "t" sounds on exhalation. In this case, you need to make sure that the sound is clean (not through the nose!).
• Pronunciation of the syllables "dy-dy", "you-you", "you-ta", "dy-da", "dy-da-de", "you-ta-te . "
• Fixing the correct speech expiration in independent speech.

Speech hearing

A common case in the problem of hearing impairment is the substitution of phonemes "p" for "l". Therefore, when conducting a home session, the sound "p" should alternate in words with the sound "l" in the same positions (beginning, middle and end of the word). The child needs to learn by ear how to distinguish these phonemes.

The words: hand, lacquer, city, milk, mosquito, chalk . After a separate recitation the child should raise his hand at the sound of "p". At the same time, you do not need to repeat the word.

Apparently, the solution of the question of how to put the sound "p" in the home, requires considerable ingenuity. In the test stream, you can also weave words with extraneous sounds (except "l" and "p"), as well as the pronunciation of the problematic phoneme in combination with consonant sounds ( frame, laurel, rout , etc.). Logopedic exercises for the sound "p" here are aimed at staging a phoneme in complex combinations:

DR

First, d is pronounced for a long time. Language appears to be sailing, pronunciation occurs on exhalation. Then a vibrating "p" joins the phoneme: a fight, friendship, a tree . A similar exercise can be carried out with a combination with the phoneme "t": labor, trolleybus, trawl .

ZR

First comes a long pronunciation of "z" ("mosquito buzzes"). The tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth. Then he quickly moves along the hillocks of the palate at the teeth ("the mosquito froze and trembles"). After such warm-up you can connect words with combinations: sight, pupil, hello .

Mechanical assistance

For such exercises you will need a tea spoon, a cotton swab or a nipple. The main thing is that the object must be clean, without sharp edges. While the child pronounces the sound "z" or "d" for a long time (the mouth is open), the adult leads the subject under the tongue to the right and left. In this case, there should be fluctuations. As a result of such manipulations from the child, the rolling sound "p" will clearly be heard.

Fastening

The entire production of the sound "p" in a child occurs according to a certain algorithm: individual sounds-syllables-words. After mastering this part, you can proceed to the composition of word combinations and sentences for pictures. This is the fixation of the sound "p". A more difficult stage is the learning of mantras, tongue twisters, poems and songs. In this case, you can use special literature, speech therapy games. Such a presentation of the material will only warm up the child's interest in the classes and will have a positive effect on the results.

Tip

Understand how to put the sound of "p" in the home, it's easy. This requires patience, strict adherence to instructions and daily activities. However, violations are sometimes not only physiological, and the help of a neuropsychologist is required. If the speech therapist "p" corrects with exercises and games, then the neuropsychologist's task is to study the processes in the brain and their connection with the speech problem. With age, the incorrect pronunciation of the vibrating phoneme becomes the norm. And to fix this "bad habit" without qualified help becomes more difficult. Therefore, experts recommend paying attention to the speech of the child at the age of five.

What should adults do?

How to put a child sound "p" - has long been a well-studied problem. But what should adults do? Is speech correction possible in this case? Partly yes. But there are a lot of pitfalls here. First of all, an adult should recognize his defect and begin to correct it. Visiting a speech therapist is not always necessary, although you can ask for advice so that the reason is clearly stated (if it is unknown) and a set of exercises is chosen. For adults, it differs in complexity. It includes respiratory articulatory exercises, but without mechanical assistance, as well as reading specially selected texts aloud and singing.