HealthDiseases and Conditions

What is esophagitis? Symptoms of the disease, diagnosis.

One of the most common diseases of the digestive system is the inflammation of the esophagus - esophagitis. Symptoms of this disease are familiar to many. This is pain when eating, heartburn, dysphagia. By the nature of the flow, acute, subacute and chronic forms of esophagitis are isolated.


Causes of esophagitis
The acute form of esophagitis arises from the irritating effects of aggressive factors, such as hot or too cold food, drugs, chemicals (acids, iodine, alkali, etc.). Defeat of the mucous membrane can arise as a result of infectious diseases (scarlet fever, diphtheria, septic diseases). Subacute and chronic forms of the disease develop due to the constant long-term exposure to coarse food, alcoholic beverages, harmful factors in production. With the diagnosis of "Chronic esophagitis," the symptoms of this disease can be combined with other concomitant diseases of the digestive system, such as gastritis, gastroduodenitis. Separately, there is a stasis esophagitis that occurs when food stagnation and difficulty in passing it as a result of diverticulum of the esophagus. But the most common cause of the chronic form of the disease remains peptic esophagitis, the symptoms of which develop when acidic contents enter the esophagus.


Pathophysiology of esophagitis
The severity of the process is distinguished by catarrhal (superficial esophagitis), erosive, hemorrhagic, pseudomembranous and necrotic esophagitis. And also there is a phlegmon and the formation of an abscess of the esophagus. Complications of a long-term inflammatory process are stricture (narrowing) of the esophagus and its narrowing.


Acute esophagitis, symptoms of disease
Manifestations of the disease depend on the form of esophagitis, its cause and the prevalence of the inflammatory process. Usually it is the pain behind the breastbone when eating, there may be a violation of swallowing, a feeling of sadness. With erosive and hemorrhagic esophagitis, vomiting occurs with an admixture of blood. Chronic form of the disease is characterized by heartburn, burning and sadness behind the sternum. Reflux-esophagitis causes burning and belching of the stomach contents, especially when the torso is tilted.
Particularly difficult, with severe intoxication, severe illnesses occur with diphtheria, abscess and phlegmon of the esophagus.
Complications


Complications develop mainly with phlegmon and abscess. There may be bleeding or perforation of the esophageal wall. Prolonged chronic inflammatory processes can lead to stenosis and shortening of the esophagus.
Diagnosis of esophagitis


The diagnosis is made on the basis of the patient's characteristic complaints. The main diagnostic diagnostic method is endoscopic examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy). This is the method that determines the nature of the inflammatory process and its prevalence. When it is carried a biopsy of the mucosa. Radiographic method using barium allows you to judge the patency of the esophagus, the presence of diverticula.


Treatment
Proper nutrition is important in this disease. Diet with esophagitis includes the use of thermally and mechanically sparing food in small portions, thoroughly chewed. From medicamentous preparations appoint enveloping preparations with anesthetics (diamagel), preparations of bismuth.
When peptic esophagitis is carried out conservative treatment aimed at preventing the throwing of food into the esophagus. Prohibit the heavy physical labor associated with the strain of the abdominal press, slopes. Medications are the same as for the treatment of acute esophagitis. If the throw of food from the stomach is associated with a hernia and conservative therapy does not work, surgical treatment is indicated, the purpose of which is to remove the hernia and restore the cardia.

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