What are the settlement systems? Payment by cash or non-cash. Payment systems

In the modern world, there are many payment for services and goods. Let's talk about this and understand what settlement systems exist.

Let's define with terminology

So what is a payment system? This is a set of organizational actions, forms, procedures that improve the system of monetary circulation. In fact, this is a huge number of contractual relationships, rules, techniques that enable all participants to perform financial transactions and settle with each other.

What are the challenges facing payment systems?

Payment systems perform a number of tasks:

1. Safety and effective functioning.
2. Reliability, which guarantees the absence of any disruptions in the operation of payment systems.
3. Fast and economical processing of workflows.
4. An honest approach that meets all the necessary criteria.

In general, for any such system, the main function is to ensure a dynamic economic turnover.

Individual elements of payment systems are very closely related. Their interconnection is carried out according to certain rules, which are recorded in the normative acts of the state. The work of the Russian payment system is built on legal documents, thanks to which its functioning takes place. They regulate a set of procedures that are necessary for the operation of this structure and for the transfer of funds from one counterparty to another.

Payment system procedures include forms of cashless settlement, the norms of payment documents and all means used for communication (software, Internet, telephone lines, technical support).

Elements of payment systems

Payment systems consist of the following elements:

1. Organizations that perform money transfers, repayment of financial obligations.
2. Monetary instruments and systems that ensure the transfer of funds between counterparties.
3. Contractual relations governing the correct and clear order of non-cash settlements.

All the elements of the settlement system are very closely interrelated, their interaction takes place according to certain rules fixed by normative and legal documents. Their observance is absolutely obligatory for all participants.

Types of payments

According to Article 140 of the Civil Code of Russia, payments on the territory of the country are made both in cash and in a non-cash way. You can say that they are all divided into two types. Let's talk about them in more detail.

The cash settlement system implies the payment of goods and services by transferring money from hand to hand. In everyday life, each of us faces this.

Payment by bank transfer occurs without the presence of cash, instead, funds are deposited on a settlement account or electronic wallet.

What are the methods of cash settlement?

So, there are several ways to pay with live money. Let's list them:

1. "Cash in" at the box office, through couriers or through the transfer of funds from the customer to the contractor.
2. With the help of self-service terminals Qiwi, "Cyberplat", "Eleksnet" and many others. A person chooses on the screen the service that he needs, and adds notes to the bill acceptor. In such terminals, almost all services and even loans are paid.
3. In ATMs that have the function of accepting cash. Again, the desired operation is selected, the purpose of payment is indicated, bills are entered.
4. Payment in banks or at the post office. Most people of retirement age prefer to pay for utilities there. To do this, you only need to provide a payment order or simply provide the details of the recipient, as well as give money to the cashier.
5. Another popular payment method in the country is transfers (for example, with the help of the companies "Zolotaya Korona", "Leader"). For their registration, you just need to come to the chosen office, provide the recipient's information and make money.

Payment by bank transfer

Non-cash payments can be contact and non-contact. Let us dwell on their features in more detail.

1. Calculations using bank cards with a magnetic stripe - this is the most popular option at the moment. However, such payment methods gradually began to displace more secure cards with a chip. To make a purchase, it's enough to insert it into the terminal or to pass it through the reader. Then the person has to enter his PIN code, and the money will be removed from his account. That's all, the goods are paid.

2. Payment by means of plastic "MasterCard" or Visa. This is a very common form of contactless payment for purchases. To pay off, it is enough just to bring the card to the terminal, and the goods will be automatically paid without specifying a pin code. Of course, this kind of calculation is very convenient. The only drawback is that the amount of payment for one purchase can not be more than a thousand rubles. It turns out that if you want to buy a product worth, say, two thousand, then it will not work out in a non-contact way. The card will have to be inserted into the terminal and still enter the pin code. By the way, we note that not all stores have appropriate devices.

3. There is still an opportunity to pay with the help of the card details. This is also a non-contact method. Most often it is used to pay for Internet purchases. How is the transaction carried out? You need to enter the necessary map data into the fields. It can be, for example, a surname, a security code. After filling in the details, you still have to confirm the operation itself. After that, the funds will be written off your account.

4. Payments by electronic money using Internet purses "Yandex.Money", Kiwi, Webmoney. To pay for purchases and services, you need to open a personal purse of any payment systems and make settlements or transfer funds, having the requisites of the company.

5. Payment via mobile phones with NFS technology. Frankly, this non-contact method is not very popular in Russia. The technology allows you to pay by sending a mobile to a special reader. To be able to use this service, you need to buy a SIM card that supports NFS technology, and also put another antenna in the phone. After that, calculations can be made with one touch, attaching the mobile to the terminal. Money will be written off from the account of the smartphone. And although in Russia, as already mentioned, the use of this technology is not yet very common, at this time it is still possible to pay for this in the Moscow metro.

6. Bank transfers via Internet banking. This is also a method of non-cash payment for services and acquisitions. To use it, you need to go to an Internet bank, find the right category, enter details and select an account to withdraw funds. The operation is confirmed by the introduction of the code.

All over the world, the most popular settlement systems are still non-cash transactions. In their favor, not only the convenience and speed of their conduct, but also complete security at relatively low costs.

What kind of calculations is more profitable?

Undoubtedly, the system of electronic settlements is the most beneficial and convenient, from which point of view. It enables you to make purchases very quickly, simplifies the entire payment process. Moreover, costs are reduced. Here is a simple example where buyers and sellers are in different regions. Without the use of non-cash payment here can not do. However, with all the visible benefits, it can be implemented only with a certain level of technology, culture, education. Historically, cash was the first to appear. There were no cashless payments before, and could not be. The level of development of society and technology simply did not allow this.

Today, settlements with live money are characteristic only of more backward countries. Expert studies suggest that in the future, non-cash payment systems will supplant cash payments.

Why do we need a settlement system?

The need to pay by bank transfer in due time led to the fact that a system of bank settlements appeared with each other, since payers and recipients were serviced by different financial organizations. In Russia, for payments between banks, the payment system of the Russian Federation was developed. Each country organizes its own structures that ensure a safe and fast turnover of funds on the territory of the state. Together they form international settlement systems. Thanks to this, trade relations are possible between different countries, sometimes located on different continents.

Instead of an afterword

At present, the economy of any country is a huge branched network of relations of a large number of its constituent entities. The basis of all relationships, oddly enough, are various calculations and payments that would have been impossible without a clear organization of the settlement system.