Types of sturgeon. Types of sturgeon in Russia

Every fisherman, of course, wants to catch a good sturgeon. But because of poachers, all kinds of sturgeon fishes entered the Red Book as rare specimens. Nowadays, sturgeon can not be caught without a special license or prepayment of the places reserved for fishing. The ban on catching this fish is established by Rybnadzor and is enshrined in Russian laws. Of course, not everyone can afford to catch sturgeon, but it is worth noting that it is worth it. The process of laying eggs takes place in May-June. During this period, sturgeon fishing is strictly forbidden.

A bit about sturgeon

The fish of the family of sturgeon appeared in the Jurassic period. The place of her dwelling at that time was the whole world. It was abundant in the oceans, seas and deep rivers, which means that the use of sturgeon for food began from the time of the caveman.

Sturgeon - a fairly large fish, reaching three meters in length. More often fishermen catch a sturgeon, which weighs about 20 kg.

The fish actually has no bones. Its body is covered with spines and bone scaly shell, the vertebra has a cartilaginous structure.

The fish of the family of sturgeon has a very delicate and pleasant smell. Experienced cooks know how to properly prepare sturgeon to preserve the amazing aroma of sturgeon meat. In many cuisines of the world, sturgeon is the main dish of the festive table. In food, only the shell is not used, everything else (head, tail, fins) can be used in cooking. Professional chefs know the vizier - the dried spine of fish, from which our ancestors prepared amazing dishes. Steaks, shish kebab, chops, chops - all these dishes can be prepared from the king-fish. Dishes from it turn out amazingly tasty. Cartilage is used for broth and pouring, on the ear - for the head.

They feed on all types of sturgeon fish crustaceans, mollusks, fish juveniles, worms, do not disdain to eat and spawn other fish.

Sturgeon can not be confused with any other fish. His body is long, fusiform, covered with rows of bone beetles. The stigma has an elongated conical shape, the lips are fringed and fleshy, there is a pair of mustaches.

Today, 19 species of sturgeon are registered in the world, 11 of which live in Russia. Different types of sturgeon fish are distinguished by the proportions of their bodies, but the main characteristics remain unchanged.

Habitat of sturgeon

Over the years, hydraulic structures disrupted the natural course of fish migration, so the sturgeon moved from its habitual river waters to other places.

• Basic in the European part is the common Russian type of sturgeon. Its main habitat is the basins of the Caspian, Black and Azov seas. The weight of this fish varies on average from 15 to 30 kg, although larger fish specimens were also recorded.
• The lower reaches of the rivers were settled by stellate sturgeon. The range of its habitat is the rivers flowing into the Black and Azov Seas, as well as the Caspian Sea basin. The average weight of this fish ranges from 7 to 12 kg.
• Types of sturgeon fish, photos of which can be seen in the pictures, businessmen are bred in artificial lakes and ponds. One of the representatives of sturgeon is sterlet. This is the only species that is allowed for amateur fishing.
• In European and Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean, adult specimens of sturgeon live. Their weight is from 2 to 3 kg, and the length is from 40 to 60 cm.
• Amur sturgeon lives in the Far Eastern regions and the Amur basin. Its weight is from 6 to 8 kg. Allowed shooting and amateur fishing for this fish.

Benefits of sturgeon

The fish of the family of sturgeons is very useful to people who suffer from elevated cholesterol. Due to fatty acids, cleavage and removal of cholesterol from the body takes place. In general, sturgeon meat fills the human body with potassium and phosphorus, which perfectly act on the brain and the cardiovascular system. In sturgeon, a sufficient number of essential amino acids and proteins, which are perfectly digested, so sturgeon is not only a delicacy, but also a nutritious product.

Energy value of sturgeon in kilocalories

So, what is the nutritional value of 100 g of this fish?

• Proteins - 16.4 kcal.
Carbohydrates - 0.0 kcal.
• Fats - 10.9 kcal.
• Caloric value - 163.7 kcal.

Contraindications and harm of sturgeon

It's no secret that some types of sturgeon are edible only by 86%. The fact is that they accumulate toxic substances in their tissues, therefore it is unsafe to use sturgeon, which is caught by ecological measures in dirty places. Such a fish can become a poison. There were even recorded cases of mass poisoning. If you have doubts about the cleanliness of the sturgeon habitat, it is better not to give this fish to children and the elderly. Also, do not abuse sturgeon in patients suffering from diabetes and obesity. Contraindicated to use sturgeon for food to those who have individual intolerance to meat of this fish or similar allergic reactions.

Knowledge necessary for catching sturgeon

• When hunting for sturgeon, there is no special tactic of catching. All types of sturgeon fish, the list of which consists of sturgeon, thorn, beluga, stellate sturgeon and sterlet, usually like depth. That's where they can be found.
• It is important to look for this fish actively, do not lie down. She has no enemies, so she is not afraid.
• To penetrate the armor of a sturgeon with a low-power weapon is a rather difficult task, so do not use it when catching mulch.
• With an accurate hit in the fish to rejoice early - it does not mean a complete victory over the sturgeon. It still needs to be defused. If it is not possible, then it is better to trim the tench. Fixed facts of death, when the fisherman just plain entangled in the line. All types of sturgeon (in the pictures above, for example, the first and second, you can see that these fish are quite strong). You should be careful when fishing to avoid any kind of trouble.

Law on Fishing

In 2012, the Federal Law of the Agency for Fisheries transferred all its functions to the Ministry of Agriculture. They established the rules of amateur and commercial fishing. The rules specifically refer to each region, the pool and the reservoir, where you can fish.

The conclusion is one - carefully read all the rules of fishing, which are prescribed for all types of sturgeon in Russia. There are many nuances, so it is necessary to weigh your possibilities and evaluate the legal consequences that a "secret" meeting with sturgeon may entail.

Bait

It's not difficult to guess which bait is ideal for sturgeon, because we already know its taste preferences. It feeds on various shellfish, crustaceans, worms, fry. To the bait does not fly off, it must be tied with threads to the hook.

Sturgeon focuses exclusively on the smell, so the bait should be as aromatic as possible. If the bait of vegetable origin, it can be seasoned with vegetable or anise oil. The bait of animal origin should be rubbed with garlic or onions. The most advantageous option will be catching sturgeon for bait from the same pond as the fish itself.

It is quite difficult to catch a sturgeon. This fish is very strong and fast, and its bite is sharp. Be careful: you will need an unprecedented concentration and perseverance - in any case, you can not sharply let go of the line. Extinguish strong jerks with brake coils.

What will it take to hunt?

• Strong rod from 4 to 6 m.
• Ceramic or aluminum strong rings.
• Coil.
• A long, braided and strong fishing line (40-45 m, withstanding 40 Ibs).
• Hook of the eighth size.
• Sinker (to keep at any current).
• Leash from 50 to 90 cm with two swivels.

In the winter period, a plus to all of the above is added to the alarm, equipped with a nod and a float.

But there is a small catch. Sturgeon does not like a very thick fishing line on leashes, since caviar of fry on this line becomes sluggish. Of course, you can put a thick fishing line, but this will entail the establishment of large hooks and the planting of a larger bait. This is where the main secret lies. Sturgeon will not peck at a large bait - he likes measure in everything.

Small species of sturgeon and their habitat

• In Russia, you can meet sturgeon species in the Ob. Their photos are located below.
• Chinese sturgeon lives in the Yangtze River and the Yellow Sea.
• Atlantic sturgeon dwells on the Atlantic coast of the United States of America.
• In South Japan, Japanese sturgeon lives.
• The habitat of the Adriatic sturgeon is Adriatic lakes.
• On the shores of Scandinavia and Portugal, a Baltic sturgeon lives.
• White sturgeon settled on the Pacific coast of the United States of America.
• Alaska, California, the coast of China, Japan and Russia was captured by the green Sakhalin sturgeon. This place is extremely dangerous - fish meat here is considered inedible.
• Sturgeon of the Great Lakes inhabits the United States of America and Canada.

Types of sturgeon roe

• The color of sturgeon caviar varies between brown and yellowish-green flowers. Size of eggs reaches 2 mm. The taste of the caviar is exquisite and spicy, but with a faint smell of mud. This caviar is released in jars with a yellow lid.
• Caviar sturgeon caviar is no less valuable than sturgeon caviar. Its color ranges from gray to black. The stellate sturgeon has the smallest eggs - up to 1.5 mm. The taste of this caviar is lean, produced in cans with a red lid.
• In our time, we learned how to breed caviar hybrids to improve reproductive properties. For example, caviar of bester. It is a hybrid of beluga and sterlet. From the beluga they took the value of caviar, and from sterlet, the speed of maturation.

Since long time, sturgeon and its caviar have been a visiting card of Russian national cuisine, and exports brought a considerable income to the treasury. It is clear why the fisherman encounter with sturgeon was a whole event. Few now can restrain themselves from admiring his unusual beauty. Most sturgeon species are protected by conservationists and listed in the Red Book, so you should be very careful when fishing in prohibited areas. Illegal fishing on the territory of the Russian Federation may entail not only administrative but also criminal penalties.