Mushroom boletus

White mushroom (boletus) - Boletus edulis - common on well drained, but not too moistened soils. This species is considered photophilous, but in some forests it can be found in very shaded areas, under the crowns of dense trees. As practice shows, in the years of harvest, the number of fungi does not depend on the degree of illumination. Under unfavorable conditions, they can be found, as a rule, only in well-lit and heated areas.

Mushroom boletus. Description

In mature members of the family, the cap has a diameter from seven to thirty (and sometimes up to fifty) centimeters, a convex shape. In old mushrooms, the cap is somewhat flat, convex and rarely prostrate. Surface wrinkled or smooth, glabrous, at the edge can be thin-felt and rarely wavy-scaly. In dry weather, cracks can form on the surface, while a thin layer of mucus forms in the moist one. The color of the cap of the cap from almost white to reddish-brown, darkens with age. The color may be uneven, lemon yellow, purple, orange, with light edges, in some cases with a yellowish or white rim. The ingrown peel does not separate from the pulp.

Fungus boletus pulp has a strong, juicy-fleshy. At old representatives it fibrous. Young mushroom boletus is distinguished by white flesh, which begins to turn yellow with age. The color does not change after cutting (in very rare cases there may be a slight change in color to blue or pink). Under the dark skin can be found a layer of red-brown or brown hue. Raw pulp produces a faint smell. A strong mushroom flavor manifests itself during drying or cooking.

The leg has a height of eight to twenty-five centimeters (usually found up to twelve). Thickness - up to seven centimeters (in rare cases, ten or more). Fungus boletus has a massive, clavate or barrel-shaped stem. With age, it can stretch out and become cylindrical, narrowed or widened in the center, the base usually remains somewhat thickened. The surface of the foot is whitish, brownish, and sometimes reddish and may be of the same shade as the mushroom cap, but somewhat lighter. The leg is covered with a mesh of light veins, as a rule, it is located in the upper part, but it can be located at the base. Very rarely the mesh is weakly expressed or absent at all.

Located near the legs of the tubular layer with a relatively deep notch is separated from the flesh of the cap quite easily. This tubular layer in young specimens of white color, with age it turns yellow, subsequently acquires an olive shade. In rare cases, young representatives can see it in pink and red tones. The tubes have a length of one to four centimeters, the small pores have a rounded shape.

Fungi are distributed mainly in forests with lichen or moss cover, with trees that are more than fifty years old. It should be said at the same time that in the pine forests a rather rich crop can be found on plots with trees aged no more than twenty to twenty-five years.

White mushrooms are common in all but Australia, the continents. To the main places of distribution should be attributed almost the whole of European territory, Central and North America, Africa (South and North). In Asian territories, specimens can be found in Turkey, Northern Mongolia, Japan, China, Transcaucasia. Borovik is widespread in the Far East and Siberia. Sometimes it is found in the territories of Lebanon and Syria, grows also in the British Isles, and in Iceland.

Representatives of this family are one of the few species that penetrate the most far into arctic areas. Further than the white mushrooms, only certain types of pancakes begin to come.