What are terms in Russian: examples

Often we come across words that are incomprehensible to us. Immediately the question arises: what are the terms in Russian? It is necessary to understand that these words can be attributed to different groups. Some of them may have an original meaning. The study of terminology, in general, greatly expands the person's vocabulary and his horizons.

The concept of

So what are the terms in Russian? This word or phrase, which calls a special concept from a certain sphere. All of them belong to the same category of vocabulary.

We can assume that the terminology is a system of all terms existing in the Russian language. This vocabulary develops quickly enough and indicates the internationalization of the fund, as well as the specificity of national and linguistic uses.

Characteristic

The characteristic features of terms are their uniqueness. Unlike words from general vocabulary, they are not expressive. This means that such words are devoid of emotional color, are not related to the context. As mentioned earlier, terms are part of the vocabulary, which forms a system of concepts of a certain sphere of science, production, etc. Their main characteristic is unambiguous, systematic and stylistic neutrality. There is an opinion that the terms can be not only nouns, but also verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They are able to move into general vocabulary. Or, conversely, simple words turn into terms because of the context. It also happens that the concept enters immediately into several terminological systems and becomes homonymous.

Classification

What are the terms in Russian and what is their classification? There is no established systematization yet. You can only define some types of terms in the Russian language: narrowly specialized and generally accepted. The first is used by people working in a certain sphere. The latter have long been included in the literary language and are understandable to everyone.

It should be noted that in addition to the highly specialized (medical, scientific, military, legal), there is also a certain group of foreign terms in the Russian language.

Groups

Groups of terms in Russian are also difficult to define. For example, it is possible to classify linguistic definitions into the following groups:

• Degree of abstraction. This includes the concepts of universal, unique, which denote a certain phenomenon, or specific concepts for a certain group of languages.
• Belonging to the system of terms. This group contains traditional definitions, which call scientific concepts, as well as individual concepts that have an author's concept.
• Internal form. These include motivated and unmotivated terms. The former were created by natural means, while the latter arose as a tracing paper and borrowing.
• Genetic trait. Here are native Russian terms, borrowings, myths and ethnonyms.
• Composition. Consist of one or more words.

It should be noted that the last group of terms refers directly to the linguistic group.

Medical

Medical terms in Russian are often borrowed concepts that have their analogues in Latin. Vocabulary vocabulary originates from the common Indo-European language, which became the basis for the all-Slavonic language.

It is believed that the medical knowledge was stored and collected by the Magi priests. Even the very word "doctor" has common roots with the verbs "grumble" and "talk". This is due to the fact that only witches, wizards, witchers, etc. could treat them. Medical terms in Russian reached a considerable number. Despite the popularity of Latin concepts, many common Slavic words are familiar to us even now: the thigh, spleen, larynx, disease, pus, ulcer, seizure.

At that time there were also many names of diseases. For example, vdush - this is the current asthma, kamchyug - arthritis, falling sickness - epilepsy. It is also interesting that it is now difficult to find an analogy and identify such ailments. The meaning of terms in the Russian language, such as, for example, "lymph nodes", previously had a name that is also familiar to everyone - "corn". The same with the word "iron", which denoted "swelling". Over time, it so happened that the medical terms were divided into 4 groups: primordially Russian, borrowed classicism, Western European and Latin.

Scientific

Scientific terms in Russian occupy a rather large place. This is due to the fact that science can be biological, mathematical, physical, etc. For each group, we need our own system of concepts and notation. So, it turns out that such terms in the Russian language - this is a shaky and indefinite "regiment". The more interpretations the word receives, the more incomprehensible its meaning becomes. There are some terms that have more than 100 concepts. And this is already misleading everyone.

It also happens that the term acquires a domestic meaning, and its original definition loses. Because of the so-called household workload, a word such as "offer" becomes ambiguous. In this case, researchers prefer to use borrowed terms. Choosing a foreign word, when translating it, all household definitions immediately disappear.

Scientific word-terms in Russian, like medical ones, are mostly based on Greek and Latin words. There are several scientists who believe that with careful research it is possible to determine the basing languages: Russian and Arabic.

English

English terms in the Russian language are quickly and widely used. This is due to the expansion and popularization of the computer world, technologies, etc. One of the brightest examples is football concepts. When you know what terms are in Russian, the examples will give a visual description. A lot of words came to us from the English language. They have long been memorized and are familiar to all Russian-speaking people. For example, even a schoolboy knows that a blow from a distance of eleven meters is called a penalty - a penalty, in a word. "Goalkeeper" also has an identical analogue in English, although in Russian there is a synonym - "goalkeeper". Situation outside the game is our familiar "offside", and "referee" is our Russian "judge".

Something similar happened to the terms of English in the field of technology. "Computer" is a long time habitual for all the word. The same thing happened to the smartphone in recent years. Touch screen for many has long been a "touchpad" or "touchscreen." Those people who are good at computers know such concepts as "authentication", "account", "nickname", "news", "laptop" and many others.

A similar phenomenon occurs with terms in the economy. Everyone knows such words: "export", "import", "dividend", "discount", "market", "inflation", etc. In business, everyone knows the concepts: "budget", "deposit", "director" , "President", "conference", "deadline", "consensus". In general, in the sphere of finance and business English terms, which are included in the dictionary of the Russian language, very much.

Foreign

Like English, foreign terms in Russian have been rooted for a very long time. Of course, of all overseas words, the group of English is perhaps the biggest. Nevertheless, the formation of the lexicology of the Russian language was influenced also by the French, from whom we borrowed words such as "battalion", "department". Similarly, from German, many terms came to our military group: "soldier", "headquarters", "officer". As mentioned earlier, some of the definitions came from Latin. In addition to medical, many of them were in the group to scientific: "formula", "radius", "evolution." Greek also influenced the Russian language. And he gave us words related to science and art: "geometry", "philosophy", "comedy", "poetry", etc.

Professionalism

When you know what terms mean in Russian, you should pay attention to such a notion as professionalism. These are special words used by people of a certain profession. This concept differs from the terms in that they are specially approved words that are officially legalized in a certain science or profession. Professionalism is semi-official words, they do not have a strict definition. Most of these concepts can be attributed to conversational speech, and also to hear them in slang or vernacular. Examples of such words are professionalism of printers: layout, layout, hanging line, etc.

Interesting terms

So, you know what terms mean in Russian. Examples on the Internet can be found easily. But there are a number of terms that very few people know. At the same time, they describe things familiar to us. For example, the cry of a child is called "vagitus". The point between the eyebrows has its own term - "glabel". If you accidentally and deliberately spit out food, know that you have done "chanking".

Politicians, in turn, were also given the notion of "snoligostery." In addition, this term can be called those who are above the personal good, than their duties. At the same time, the membrane between the nostrils is called a "columella". There is another interesting term. When we repeat the same word several times, it loses its meaning. This process is called "jamaic vu".

The remnants of a toothpaste on a tube are called a "nerd", and the loop to which you are passing the belt is called a "keeper". When you are hungry, and your stomach starts to rumble, know that this is a "collie-bulb". If from your favorite song you have "goose bumps" or chills, then you have a "frisson". There are innumerable such terms in the Russian language. At the same time every day there are dozens of new concepts that may be unknown to society for decades.