Artificial languages and their meaning

Everyone knows what natural languages are. And if you do not know, then at least guess - because they are spoken by all the people of our planet. But to avoid confusion, it is possible to give them such a definition - this is the fruit of people's communication, which has arisen and improved over the centuries, and has been influenced by cultures, traditions and historical processes. Almost all languages are natural: it is Russian, and English, and Chinese, and German, and Indian, and many others. They can be simple and complex; And common, and rare; And international, and used only in their own homeland.

And what are artificial languages? Why are they called that? How did they come about? What are they needed for?

Artificial languages were created by man and not influenced by cultural traditions and historical events. When creating such a language, the dictionary can be formed from nowhere more existing words, and from words from different natural languages. The use of it is possible only for a comparatively small group of people who have taken up the study of such a linguistic neoplasm, and the rules in it are often complex. The comprehension of the secrets of such languages, as a rule, is practiced by very, very few, mostly linguists.

However, they have artificial languages and their advantages: they can be used by cryptographers, they are convenient to talk about something secret, with their help you can completely immerse yourself in the world of work, if the characters there speak a similar style.

To date, there are many languages artificially created by man. But the most famous are only five.

Volyapyuk - one of the first artificial languages - was invented by a German. Due to its simplicity and unusualness (all the words of this language were invented by the author) volyapyuk quickly spread, for some time it was not only spoken, but also published newspapers.

Esperanto, like the volyapyuk, appeared in the 19th century and was even more popular than the first. In Esperanto, words are borrowed from several natural languages, more precisely, from groups of Slavic, Romance and Germanic languages. Esperanto is spoken to this day, even people live for whom it is native. This is found in international families, where the spouses speak to each other in Esperanto, and the children absorb it from childhood.

Ido is an analog of Esperanto, perfected by the Frenchman Louis Couture and the Dane Otto Espersen. However, he did not win such popularity as Esperanto.

Quenya is the so-called "language of elves", invented by the world-famous writer Tolkien. It was created on the basis of the ancient languages of the German group. He is quite popular among fans of his work.

Slovianski is a very young language, created in 2006, to facilitate international communication between the Slavs. Slovianski is a language that is sufficiently understandable for almost all speakers of the Slavic languages, including Russians, Ukrainians, Croats, Czechs, Bulgarians and Belarusians.

Thus, using the example of Esperanto and Slovian, one can conclude that artificial languages can bring tangible benefits when communicating speakers of different languages.

However, this is not the end of the conversation about languages. In separate categories it is necessary to allocate not only natural and artificial languages, but also artificially revived.

So, in the Czech Republic at the end of the 18th century almost the entire population spoke German, and the Czech language was forgotten. Dialects were spoken in rural areas, and even then peasants from different villages could hardly understand each other. Realizing the sad fate of their native language, the native Czechs undertook to restore it, which was very successful. Another thing is that to this day the Czech colloquial and Czech literary is even related, but completely different languages.

A similar story occurred with Hebrew, which in the 19th century almost no one spoke. No, it was not forgotten - it printed newspapers, Jews from different countries used it to communicate, but it was not used in everyday life, and so many words in it simply were not there. Therefore, in order to revive this language, it was necessary not only to make people remember about it, but also to invent new words.

An attempt at artificial restoration was also undertaken against another, almost unknown, language - kafarevus, but it was unsuccessful.