Lexical analysis of the word - what is it? Examples

How is the lexical analysis of the word? The answer to this question will be found in this article. In addition, your attention will be presented to several examples of such analysis.

general information

Lexical analysis of the word is carried out with the help of various linguistic dictionaries, namely, an explanatory, phraseological, vocabulary of antonyms, synonyms and homonyms.

It should be specially noted that such an analysis is aimed at the lexical unit of the Russian language, indicating such features as:

• Uniqueness or, conversely, the ambiguity of the word ;
• The type of its lexical meaning in a particular case;
• Synonyms;
• The origin of the word;
• Antonyms;
• The word's belonging to lexicon, limited in its use, or common vocabulary;
• Phraseological links of one or another expression.

Lexical analysis of words is an optional kind of analysis for ordinary school practice. As a rule, such an analysis is not given as a control task.

The conventional scheme

In order to correctly implement the lexical analysis of the word, it is necessary to adhere to the following scheme:

1. The definition of the lexical meaning of a word in a particular context.
2. If the selected expression is multi-valued, you must specify its other values (if necessary, you can use the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language).
3. Determination of the type of lexical meaning in a particular context (direct or portable).
4. In the event that the value is portable, it is necessary to characterize its appearance.
5. Construction of a synonymic series for a word in the existing meaning.
6. Selection of the anthonymic pair to the chosen word.
7. The definition of the word's belonging, that is, whether it is originally Russian or was once borrowed from a completely different language.
8. Establishing the belonging of the selected word to a vocabulary, limited in use, or common vocabulary.
9. Determining whether this expression is obsolete.
10. The occurrence of this word in the composition of phraseological units.

Examples of lexical parsing of a word

In order to understand how the lexical analysis of a word is performed, it is not enough to know only the features of such an analysis and its scheme. After all, any theoretical knowledge must necessarily be supported by practical work. To this end, we decided to present to your attention several examples of different words that were subjected to lexical analysis.

Lexical analysis of the word "mower"

So, let's analyze the word "haymaker", which is included in the following sentence: "The mower was pacing the fast-mowed steppes."

1. A mower is a person who is mowing, that is, cutting grass or some cereals with the help of a traditional scythe or mower.

2. The word "mower" has several meanings, namely:

• The one who carries out the mowing;
• Heavy and large knife, designed for scraping something or splitting a ray;
• One thousand monetary units (frogs).

3. The meaning of the word "mower" in which it is applied in the sentence is direct.

4. Synonyms for the word "mower" are "scribe" or "mower".

5. The origin of the word "mower" - originally Russian.

6. In the first and second meaning, this word is commonly used. As for the third - in this case it is used only in a conversational style.

7. The word "mower" is obsolete. Accordingly, it is not part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

Lexical analysis of the word "golden"

Let's analyze the word "golden", which is included in the following sentence: "Golden autumn came to us".

1. Golden Autumn is the time of year when all trees and grasses turn yellow and resemble a shade of gold (metal).

2. The word "golden" has several meanings, namely:

• Made of gold;
• Sewn with gold;
• Calculated at the rate of gold;
• Similar to the color of gold;
• Beautiful, very nice and wonderful;
• Favorable and happiest;
• Beloved, dear (in reference to someone);
• Mineralogical and botanical names.

3. The meaning is portable.

4. The kind of figurative meaning of the phrase "golden autumn" is a metaphor (denoting a color similar to gold).

5. The synonyms for the expression "golden" are the following: yellow, beautiful, wonderful, fabulous, delightful, etc.

6. The word "golden" has the following antonyms: dirty, disgusting, bad, bad.

7. Origin - originally Russian.

8. This expression is generally used. It can be used in all types of speech.

9. The word "golden" is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

Lexical analysis of other words

Here are a few more examples:

• The lexical analysis of the word "fantastic" in the sentence "I've seen enough of fantastic films": "

1. Fantastic film - fictional fantasy and not really existing.

2. The word "fantastic" has several meanings, namely: magical and bizarre; Incredible and unrealizable; Not existing and being a fantasy.

3. The value is direct.

4. The synonyms of the word are the following: incredible, stunning, not corresponding to reality.

5. Has the following antonyms: normal, banal.

7. Origin - borrowed from the English language (fantastic).

8. This expression is generally used. It can be used in all types of speech.

9. The expression is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

• The lexical analysis of the word "kindness" in the sentence: "By the kindness of the soul he gave all his clothes":

1. By kindness - spiritual quality, expressed in a caring and gentle attitude to someone.

2. The word "kindness" has only one meaning.

3. The value is direct.

4. The synonyms of the word are the following: good, good-natured, good-natured, philanthropic.

5. He has the following antonyms: evil, cruel.

7. Origin - originally Russian.

8. This expression is generally used. It can be used in all types of speech.

9. The expression is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

10. Applied in the following phraseological units: kindness of the soul, blind kindness, etc.