Tvardovsky, "Country of Muravia": a summary and analysis

In the mid-1930s (1934-1936) A. Twardowski wrote the poem "The Land of Muravia", the theme of which is the changes taking place at that time in the village. The evaluation of the book was ambiguous. The authorities saw in it, first of all, the glorification of collectivization, which is in full swing in the country. But such writers as, for example, B. Pasternak or N. Aseev, noted that the simplicity of the poem is seeming, but in fact it is a rather complex work. Let's try to understand the reasons for such interpretations.

"Country of Muravia": a summary of 1 chapter. String

The poem begins with a description of a difficult ferry crossing, which squeaks and swirls from the ridge. There is a roar of a rope, a hubbub and the noise of a people going somewhere, among whom an authorized person stands out. This picture evokes associations with the changes that have occurred in the village, carrying a new, and therefore unknown and frightening life. There are thousands of roads in the world, and one of them, his own, is riding the main character, Nikita Morgunok. Smart, as if going to a feast, he leads a friend-horse, harnessed to the convoy. "Farewell ... father's place!" - such words of Nikita end the first part of the poem "The Land of Muravia", the brief content of which you read.

Chapters 2-5. On my way

The wandering Morgunok found himself in the village, where the fun was. Nikita was stopped and led to the table: "Take a walk at the wedding ... - the last it ». At the table, where there was no free space, everyone was greeted by a generous host, but neither the bridegroom nor the bride saw the hero. In response to a question about what is celebrated, he was told: there is a wedding and a mention of those who were sent to Solovki. Thus, in the poem "The Land of Muravia" images of dispossessed people arise, sent to unknown lands by wagons along with children and scanty belongings. This story is interrupted by a symbolic song about a bird, locked in a cage and dreaming of freedom.

After leaving the village, Nikita went for a long time with his faithful horse, whose shore is thicker than his eyes. The author tells how, on the eve of his departure, he came to Gray, who was not for him a horse - a man, to consult.

At the end of the day the hero decided to visit the brother-in-law with whom he had been friends for twenty years. It was sad to hear their conversation and songs that evening: how will their future shape? Everyone thought about his.

Nikita married at seventeen, settled in his farm and did not want to go to the collective farm. Grandfather told him that everything had its own time: health, luck, wealth. And if the latter can not be reached by forty (the morgunka is already thirty-eight), then "do not look any further". So he went to look for where the mysterious country of Muravia, about which the grandfather was speaking, is located. According to him, it turned out that there was a lot of land around. And everything that you sow is yours too.

In the morning the Morgunok again goes on the road. The farther he goes, the more joyful and beautiful the land becomes. Now the horse is tired, and Nikita himself does not know any villages or villages that meet on the way.

Chapter 5. Meeting with the priest

Suddenly a strange pedestrian was seen ahead of the hero. He was a man, belted with a string with his shoulder blades protruding from under his armpit (spiritual servant) and a casket behind him. "You see, you were dispossessed to the handle?" - Nikita asks this question to the priest. He told about his bitter life. All parishes are closed, and their ministers are engaged by who than. He now goes to the villages: where to cross it is necessary, where to marry ... That's only without a horse is difficult. And he suggested that the priest Morgunka go further together. But the hero refused, answering that he had his own way, and certainly not like begging. With that and dispersed.

Chapter 6. The Tale of Grandfather and Grandmother

Tvardovsky's poem "The Land of Muravia" continues with a story that the slumbering Morgunok heard one night from accidental oncoming people - many of them came across his long journey.

Century lived in its rickety hut grandfather and a woman. Everything went on as usual, and they did not want to change anything. But only the water came to their shack every year, and one day, when the waters of all the seas and rivers flooded the whole of Russia, they picked up their hut and carried it. While she did not stick to one of the estates. Grandfather looked at the "sun door" and decided that, to know, to live them in a new way. So the old people became collective farmers.

Chapter 7. The Duma of Stalin

Leaves on Nikita. And suddenly a rumor spreads among the people: Stalin himself is riding on a black horse. With a pipe, in a greatcoat, he looks at everything, asks and writes to himself in a little book. And it seems to the Morgunka that the leader is moving towards him. He begins to think about what to ask Comrade Stalin? And the main question comes to mind: when will this "suettoria" end, in which everything goes to scrap? The hero recalls his former life, and his desires are quite simple: that would allow the authorities to continue to stay in their hamlet. And the place where he stands, that was the very country of Muravia, the short contents of the grandfather's story about which did not go out of his head.

Chapters 8-10. Theft of a Horse

Once Morgunka called, and he saw a beggar who was led by the hand, like a blind man, a boy. It turned out that this was his former neighbor, Ilya Kuzmich. As a loved one, the hero accepted him: he treated him and began to question him. The interlocutor spoke about life in the land, where he had only a hut in the snow. From the former good only the son remained. Now here they walk on the ground, beg. Quietly fell asleep this night, Nikita, because nearby is not a stranger - a neighbor. Just heard at night through a sleepy neigh. And in the morning I saw that there was no Gray: Ilya Kuzmich was a boy for a horse. There is nothing to do - went on to search together where the country of Muravia is. The morgunok was harnessed to the convoy and pulled him forward, causing curiosity to meet.

In one of the villages they were stopped: they asked, looked at the documents, but they were released. Again the cart rattled. Now the hero was still worried about the fate of Gray, about which he questioned every counterman.

Once the hero came to the camp, asked to return the horse. They brought him horses - one better, but there was no Gray among them. At night Nikita was tormented by the thought: after all, gypsies steal, why not take his horse away from them. He even went to the shed, but felt ashamed of the watchman and went on with nothing.

Chapters 11-12. Meeting with the priest and Bugrov

He dragged the Morgunok cart for three days, and even got used to the "position" of the horse - A. Tvardovsky continues the story. Country of Muravia - a brief summary of Nikita's journey is very reminiscent of the adventures of Nekrasov's heroes - everything did not come across, although the hero was very far from home. Tractors met him, planes flew over him in the sky, and he kept pulling the train, and then the boy walked along. Once again, he met on the way the priest, and he was on the horse Morgunka. The hero tried to catch up with him, but while he got out of the yokes, he did not catch a trace.

In one of the towns got Nikita to the market. He began to look out for horses of gray suit, but here he did not find his horse. Then Morgunok saw a beggar standing at the fence: he took out a song and held a hat with charity. Learning in it Ivan Kuzmich, Nikita crushed the former neighbor under him, and then led him forward. At some point Bugrov managed to deceive the hero - and again neither the thief nor the horse.

Chapters 13-14. Life in the Islands

He carries further his waggons Morgunok. Suddenly a tractor stops nearby, and the young driver suggests dragging the cart to the collective farm. After hearing the story of Nikita, the boy advised to go to the Islands, where you could buy a horse. After handing the cart to the receipt, the hero went to a neighboring village, barely visible in the sea of wheat.

The collective farm was not here, everyone lived for themselves. The first thing our traveler saw was complete devastation. Wretched huts, fallen fences, people sitting idle are described by the Tvardovsky Islands.

"Country of Muravia" (a short summary of the poem you read) continues with the conversation with his grandfather, who produced the pipes. He led the visitor into his thin yard and pointed to the horse - gray and blind from old age. "Yes, that's how people live here," Morgunok utters, and then makes a sad conclusion: this is impossible. With bitterness he told the new acquaintances of a true friend - a stolen horse. The listeners pokhali, then they started a song that the hero heard about his grandfather about twenty-five years ago.

Chapters 15-17. On the collective farm

After going to the cart, Nikita got on the current. With pleasure he took up his job: both grain and straw were the shaft. A peasant came to his aid, who turned out to be the chairman. The head of the kolkhoz decided to show the guest to the guest. Surprise Morgunka quality and seriousness in everything. Made seriously, more precisely, forever, - explained Andrei Ilyich.

And then the chairman told the story of his life, which is given in the poem "Country of Muravia." An analysis of it shows the typical character of people who represented Soviet power. He was born in a poor large family, in which all men were strong as a selection. In Civil was six wounds, but survived. Then he participated in the division of land, for which he was repeatedly threatened. One night the local rich people of Gracheva were watching him far from the village and severely beaten. Andrei Ilyich could hardly crawl to the house, but he did not lose faith in his work. The same bequeathed to his own son - to serve the Soviet country faithfully.

And at night the local watchman had a conversation with Morgunk about the hard fate of the wanderer. Somewhere an old man from their collective farm is wandering about, going on a pilgrimage, or an ordinary peasant goes in search of work, or the famous Stepanka Grachev returns home from the canal with a thought about revenge ... A. Tvardovsky expands the scope of the narrative. "The Land of Muravia" (analysis of the poem leads to this idea) turns into a narrative about the fate of the Russian peasant in difficult post-revolutionary years.

Chapters 18-19. Return of the horse and denouement

And in the morning on the collective farm, they celebrated their wedding: in a national way, in a big way. Heard here Morgunok eulogies about the new life. And suddenly, amidst the merriment, a horse appeared at the palisade, and the landlady secretly informed her husband about the arrival of the father, ready to marry the young. Hearing the conversation, Nikita immediately understood everything, broke from the spot, and a minute later already hung on the neck of his Gray.

And now they are on their way again. Nikita thought: have seen a lot during this time, but where is the country that the grandfather described? With this question he turned to the old man sitting on the stump. He thought, and then answered that there was no more country of Muravskaya. Was and is gone, the grass is overgrown. At one end, in the other: wherever you look - the only way left. In the collective farm. Thus ends the poem "Country of Muravia".

Analysis and idea of the work

Morgunok and the very construction of the poem in many ways resemble "Who in Russia live well" Nekrasov. This is another attempt to answer the question that always worried the peasants, about where the best share lies.

The protagonist is a collective image of a man who always lived on the ground and was engaged in his economy. And suddenly he found himself in a world where traditions that existed for centuries were destroyed. His admiration for nature and his spiked fields, the joy of working on the collective farm current (yearned) testify to his immense love for his native land-wet-nurse.

The image of the horse is symbolic in the poem "The Land of Muravia", the content of which is directly related to its theft and tireless quest. He was always the mainstay of the peasant, his main wealth. That's why it was difficult to take cattle to the collective farm under new orders, where there was no proper care for it. And although in the last chapters Morgunok admires what he sees on the collective farm and even thinks about joining it, it is obvious that collectivization caused great damage to the village, as the peasants ceased to be masters of the land. And not every "kulak" made his "wealth", using someone else's work.

Such not entirely funny thoughts are the poem "Country of Muravia" by A. Tvardovsky.