The process of upbringing is what? Bases and methods of the process

The process of education is a complex and long-term stage, aimed at the formation of a harmonious personality. First, let's find out what the term "pedagogy" is.

Origin of the term

The Greeks called the "teacher" a slave who took the lessons of a child. Further this term was called by educators, teachers, teachers, and also experts in the field of pedagogy. In a literal translation, the word means "narcotics". The process of education is the development of certain qualities in the younger generation. Gradually, some corrections and additions were made to this definition, but its basic meaning remained unchanged.

For many centuries, the process of learning, education and personal development did not presuppose a special consideration, was considered natural for the existence of mankind.

At an early stage of the emergence of society, it became necessary to transfer certain experiences from generation to generation. For example, senior members of the family handed over to the younger generation their experience in collecting, making various tools, organizing housekeeping.

As the person grew as a person, his life experience became more complicated, the methods of the upbringing process were modernized. Thanks to the Polish teacher Jan Amos Kamensky, there appeared didactics, which is a separate branch of general pedagogy.

History of Pedagogy

The process of upbringing and education has deep historical roots. For any generation, three main tasks are relevant:

• Learn the experience of their ancestors;
• To increase the acquired knowledge;
• Transfer information to descendants.

Only in this case, social progress is possible . Pedagogy is a science that studies the basic laws of the transmission of information by the older generation, the assimilation of its growing shift. Education in the learning process is aimed at acquiring the social experience that the child will need for work and a normal life.

Gradually pedagogical activity began to be allocated in a separate field of activity. At first the philosophers of Ancient Greece took a great interest in it. It was in this historical period that the term "school" appeared, which meant leisure. "Gymnasiums" began to be called public schools of physical development.

In the 17th century, upbringing in the learning process is a separate science. During this period, ideas and principles of upbringing are actively developed in Russian pedagogy. For example, Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov has created several books on grammar and rhetoric.

Categories of pedagogy

In the eighteenth century, pedagogical science became an independent branch, having its own subject of research. In modern society, the process of upbringing is an activity aimed at the formation and development of the personality in the conditions of its education, upbringing, education. How to organize this important and responsible process correctly? This requires a variety of methods of the upbringing process.

Among the main categories of pedagogy are education, upbringing, education, and development.

The process of education is the development of the personality under the influence of internal and external factors. Development occurs under the influence of natural and social factors.

Features of Education

The process of education of the individual is one of the most important in pedagogy. In a broad sense, upbringing presupposes a purposeful process of the formation of the spiritual and physical powers of the individual, the intellect. This is a full-fledged preparation for life, active labor activity.

In a narrow sense, education is the process of forming in the younger generation a careful attitude to the surrounding nature, to other people. This is a purposeful process in the course of which the person acquires those qualities and qualities that correspond to the interests of a particular society.

Development of a full-fledged person is carried out only through education, accompanied by the transfer of their experience, the translation of the heritage of ancestors.

The basis of education and training

What are the main components of education and upbringing? The process of educating a person is based on skills, skills, knowledge. They are the way to reflect reality with the help of concepts, facts, laws, concepts.

Skills suggest a person's readiness for independent and conscious implementation of theoretical and practical actions based on social experience, knowledge, and acquired skills.

Education in the process of activity involves the use of a system of special methods. His result is skills, skills, knowledge, ways of thinking, which the learner eventually learns.

Main pedagogical categories

The fundamentals of the process of upbringing, education, development are the basic pedagogical categories. Education is a process of self-development of a person, connected with the mastery of its dimensions, knowledge, and creative skills. Education can be regarded as a social heredity, transfer to subsequent generations of their experience. The organization of the upbringing process in a modern educational institution is associated with the creation of favorable conditions aimed at educational as well as after-hour activities.

The pedagogical process is an association of education and training, which ensures the cultural continuity of generations, the willingness of a person to perform professional and social roles.

The individual in education acquires the sum of cultural and moral values that correspond to the expectations and interests of society. Education in full accordance with the abilities and interests of the individual is the fundamental right of any person.

The state always supports upbringing. In the process of development, one can influence the younger generation, form harmoniously developed individuals who are able to benefit their country.

Cultural continuity is that there is no spontaneous formation of social values of the individual. The process involves the purposeful development and upbringing of the younger generation.

As a pedagogical term, "education" was introduced at the end of the eighteenth century by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi.

For a long time this process was considered as the sum of skills, knowledge, skills that are needed to carry out practical activities. At present, special attention is paid to socialization as a qualitative and quantitative change in the system of values, attitudes, beliefs, moral qualities that will be required for the younger generation for successful adaptation in the social environment.

Modern education

Nowadays, pedagogical science is viewed as a specific system consisting of separate elements: process, result. Classical didactics gives education four aspects: systemic, aggregate, value, effectiveness.

The value characteristic contains three blocks: education as a state, personal, social value. If education implies literacy, professional competence, mentality, then upbringing is characterized by certain moral qualities.

The concept of methods of education

The difficult and dynamic pedagogical process forces the teacher to solve a lot of classical and unusual educational problems connected with the harmonious development of the personality. They have several unknowns, therefore, for the successful resolution of problems, the teacher must possess educational methods.

They consist of a variety of techniques, interrelated with each other. For example, for the formation of views, beliefs use a classic conversation.

Parenting methods

In domestic pedagogy they are concrete operations of interaction of the educated and educator, depend on the purpose of their use. Means are objects of spiritual and material culture, used to solve pedagogical problems.

The methods of upbringing are certain ways of influencing the behavior, feelings, and consciousness of children in the process of preparing them for socialization.

To form children's concepts, opinions, beliefs, the teacher conducts conversations, lectures, discussions, debates.

Experience of behavior is formed during role-playing games, as well as when performing individual assignments given to the child by the teacher.

For self-esteem, stimulation of independent activity, the teacher actively applies punishment and encouragement, competitions and competitions.

Spiritual activity aimed at understanding the existence, the creation of the moral position of the subject, the formation of his worldview, is carried out in close relationship with the process of acquiring scientific knowledge. For the development of motivations, conscious behavior in domestic pedagogy, a personal example is used.

We will choose some methods of upbringing, which have the maximum effectiveness.

Using parables, fairy tales, metaphors, comradely discussions and disputes, improvisations on various topics, the teacher gradually forms the basic system of values in his pupils.

After the introduction of the federal standards of the second generation in educational institutions, teachers began to pay much more attention to creative collective projects, which allow not only to educate, but also to bring up all the members of the project team.

Classification of educational methods

The pedagogical literature describes various options that allow you to achieve any goals and objectives. By nature, they are divided into exercise, persuasion, punishment, encouragement. As a general feature is the assessment of the activities of pupils.

Based on the results of the impact, two classes of educational methods were singled out:

• Influence, which creates moral motives, attitudes, attitudes, ideas, concepts;
• Influences that determine a certain behavioral type.

The most objective and convenient is the classification of educational methods in terms of direction. This integrative characteristic, which includes the substantive, objective, procedural aspects of education:

• Formation of personal consciousness;
• The organization of social experience of behavior;
• Stimulation of activity.

Consciousness can be formed during thematic lectures, ethical conversations, story, report, briefing. To stimulate (motivate) the independent work of pupils, teachers actively use rating systems of marks.

Let us dwell on some ways of forming a personal consciousness. Not permanent beliefs, but real actions and deeds characterize the upbringing of modern schoolchildren. That is why socialization is the basis of the educational process.

Teachers try to combine theoretical and practical techniques in order to achieve an optimal result. Among the priority areas of modern education is the formation of a sense of patriotism, love for the native land, family values.

Persuasion is a variant of a diversified impact on the practical activities of children. To effectively manage the upbringing process, the teacher takes into account the actions of pupils when working on individual stages, small operations.

To form a careful attitude to the culture of the native land, family values, it is necessary to use not only suggestion, but also examples of artistic culture, to introduce schoolchildren to the best people in the village, town, city, country.

The teacher should build a clear and consistent chain of actions, be guided in his pedagogical activity by common sense, rely on the social order. The teacher tries to address not only the feelings of the pupil, but also to their reason.

The lecture is a detailed, lengthy, systematic presentation of the essence of a specific educational, scientific, educational problem. It is based on a generalization of theoretical or practical material. The lecture is accompanied by illustrations, presentations, elements of the conversation.

Disputation differs from lecture and conversation by the ability of schoolchildren to express their reasoned position on the issue under consideration.

It is the dispute that allows the younger generation to gain experience in upholding the personal point of view, arguing the position, maintaining the ethical norms of the discussion.

Among the options for educational impact on the younger generation, it is necessary to note the desire of children to follow. Watching their parents, teachers, older brothers and sisters, children develop their own value system. To develop diligence, patriotism, high morality, loyalty to duty, the student's eyes must have a positive personal example of a teacher or teacher.

To form a behavioral experience, exercises are necessary. They assume systematic and systematic performance by pupils of various actions, practical instructions aimed at the development of the individual.

Accustoming is a systematic and regular implementation of specific actions aimed at the formation of positive habits. During the educational process, it is realized through the implementation of special exercises, and in educational work involves the implementation of assignments that are related to the social environment.

Conclusion

Studies confirm the effectiveness of the use in the upbringing of the younger generation of various competitions. For modern teenagers, the consumer attitude toward life is characteristic, which negatively affects the system of their values. In order to avoid this approach, the Ministry of Education has modernized modern educational institutions.

At present, special attention is paid to the organization of full-time extra-school activities for schoolchildren, the creation of additional sports sections and intellectual circles. Only with an integrated approach to the process of education, upbringing, development can we expect to realize the social order of society - the formation of a harmoniously developed personality.

Teachers understand the importance and importance of the educational process, therefore in their work they are guided by effective methods and techniques aimed at educating the younger generation.