Reliance on the principles of education in the process of the formation of universal values among preschool children by means of folk tales

In the pedagogical environment, the issue of education of universal values becomes actual most often at the moments of their loss - when the children commit certain offenses. The development and implementation of a thematic project in kindergarten will help to form these values within the educational program. Principles of upbringing are the main ideas of the project, therefore they are based on its goal: the formation of ideas and the positive attitude of preschool children to universal values based on centuries of culture.

The means of solving this problem can be the active use of folk tales in the process of education. Practically in each of them the problems of the family, the safety of the life of children and adults, the interaction of brothers and sisters, the interaction of children with peers, the relationship to material values and to their responsibilities in the family are being addressed. With the help of fairy tales, the principles of social education are realized , the fundamental values for them become accessible to children - friendship, loyalty to friends, responsibility for each other. The content of the entire fairy tale or a fragment of it can become a reference point for discussion and playing out the real relationships of children, discussing their actions and the reasons for this or that behavior.

Principles of raising children:

- the principle of systematicity, in which knowledge is given to children according to a certain system: in each age group, the periodicity of acquaintance of children with a folk tale is developed (younger groups - once a quarter, middle and senior groups - once a month);

- the principle of integrity, in which all structural units of the pedagogical process are covered by a single goal and achievement of the planned result;

- the principle of scientific character, in which the development of the project is organized on the basis of scientific research to determine the content of activities, to diagnose the effectiveness of the project, to monitor the level of development of socially significant qualities in children, to develop the technological skills of educators;

- the principle of natural appropriateness, in which children get acquainted with the folk tale in accordance with their age opportunities; The scheme of age preferences of children is developed at the acquaintance with the folk tale, on the basis of which it becomes possible to supplement the content of education with other folk works.

Principles of upbringing are widely used to build the process of children's education, that is, they serve to select the means, methods and forms of presenting the material. With the support of them there is a selection of the content of education - those values that are necessary to form precisely in preschool children stand out. This - health, family, the beauty of their native nature, knowledge, friendship in the team and self-improvement.

Principles of upbringing in pedagogy and in preschool education are based on national principles:

- the principle of cultural appropriateness, when the educational process is organized taking into account the characteristics of the region, its content is dominated by ethnic folklore works (folk tales, legends, myths and small folklore forms);

- the principle of secular education - when familiar with folk tales, propaganda of any religion, ideology and politics is excluded;

- the principle of humanity - reliance is on respecting the personality of the child, his parents; Special attention is paid to the selection of methods of education of a humanistic orientation (cooperation, a treaty, the creation of a situation of success, etc.).

Principles of education in pedagogy are usually divided into the principles of pupils - the initial forms of beliefs, attitudes, values of children - and the principles of teachers who are already established, scientifically based ideas. Only their unity allows the most quickly to achieve the set goals, that is, the formation of universal values among preschool children.