As a result, moraine was formed? Glacial deposits

The remains of rocks were transported by the glacier to different distances, resulting in the formation of moraine. In the composition of this diverse mass you can find clay particles, sand, gravel residues, and also various shapes and sizes of stones, which are striated in a certain way and have furrows on their surface.

Glacial deposits and relief forms

Glaciers are directly involved in the formation of the Earth's relief. They are formed in the climatic zones of the polar regions, at high altitude in the mountains. The movement of the glacier is caused by one of the qualities of ice, the possibility of changing the location under a certain pressure. At the same time, plasticity of ice occupies an important place, which increases directly in proportion to temperature. As a rule, the movement occurs at a 30-meter depth.

When moving, the original form of the glacier can change, shifts, cracks, creases of different shapes and sizes are formed. As for the speed of movement, on average they are small, reaching about 100 meters per year. As a result of the melting of glaciers , meltwater flows and whole glacial lakes form, which means the formation of new deposits, modified in composition, and a change in the landscape.

Types of glacial deposits

Approximately one third of the entire earth's surface has been covered by glaciers to date. Now this figure is 10%. Even a single glaciation can cause global changes. All ice deposits can be divided into two large groups: sorted and unsorted.

Answering the question, as a result of which moraine was formed, it is necessary to clarify to which type of glacial deposits it belongs. It is impossible to name it completely unsorted, although it belongs to this group. Morena is a poorly sorted debris, directly selected or laid glacier.

Other categories include glacial residues, sorted by water. They are further subdivided into those separated near the glacier, in direct contact with it, and to the remains that have been washed beyond it by rivers or melted streams.

Deposits on contact with the glacier

Sorted glacial deposits have a fairly diverse structure, due to which it is possible to observe the variability of the relief forms. The greatest interest is represented by deposits on contact with the glacier. Such formation as kamovye terraces, has arisen as a result of accumulation of various breeds along the ice edges of the glacier, which was mainly in the valleys of rivers and reservoirs. When the ice melted, these fragments were separated along the sides of the valleys. Those of them that fell under the icing led to landslides and landslides. And the educated hills were called kams.

Ozy - another glacial sorted deposit, resembling wave-like ridges, consisting of large sandy rocks and gravel. Once upon a time they were at the bottom of tunnel gutters and very rarely went to the surface.

Morens: a characteristic of EV Shantser

The main moraines have different particles in their composition, from clay to boulder. Characteristic features are the occurrence of surface occurrence, strong rocks of detrital material and the absence of obvious layers. Among the composite material of this type of moraine, which is characterized by high density, there may be remnants of rocks that are completely atypical for a given locality. Due to its strength, this material can be actively used in construction work.

The composition and color characteristics of the moraine is greatly influenced by the geological structure of the glacier itself. When it melts on the slopes of the valley, a number of layers of a longline type are formed, which can form entire moraine terraces. The oldest deposits and loose fragments are smoothed out or completely washed out by melt water, turbulent mountain streams.

Morena in the composition of glacial formations

The glacial group of sediments is very diverse and includes:

• Glacial moraines;
• Fluvioglacial sediments due to melting of glaciers;
• Limnoglacial remnants of glacial water bodies;
• Solifluction deposits;
• Marine glacial sediments.

As a result, moraine was formed? These glacial deposits are formations of poorly sorted debris and have the appearance of heaps of various blocks, stones mixed with sand and clay. At first glance, all this mass is located in a completely erratic manner, but it is not so. With more careful and detailed consideration, it can be concluded that when the glacier melts, the inner layers of moraine are transferred to its base. But sometimes strong subglacial flows thoroughly wash the moraine, as a result, it represents a large number of large boulders.

Three types of moraine

Moraines of glaciers are of three types. The internal glacial moraine is formed as a result of the penetration of debris into the inner glacial layers. During the movement of glaciers in different terrain, they capture with them the rocks, boulders, sand and clay that come on the way. The bottom moraine is formed by scraping and transferring the remains of the rock, and then, depending on certain factors, the force and speed of movement carries this collected material in itself, at the base and in the deeper layers of the glacier.

The final moraines are formed, as a rule, on the edge of the glacier. These rock-filled blocks form when the glacier edge was in one place for a long time, and the glacier at the same time delivered here continuously new clastic material. This is possible if the movement of the glacier is restricted due to some protrusion or other obstruction. The final moraine of its appearance resembles hills and ridges, located parallel to each other. Such formations include not only hard rock, but also loose layers of river or lake sediments that the glacier has picked up.

Moren: mechanical classification

By their composition moraines are very diverse. There are the following types of glacial moraines:

• Stony;
• Sandy;
• Sandy loam;
• Loamy;
• Clayey.

In its pure form, the moraine occurs quite rarely, usually in certain areas there is a mixed composition. In order to properly diagnose and study glacial deposits, one study of rocks and materials is not enough, it is necessary to understand their paragenetic relationship with other formations.

Distinctive properties of moraine

The multicomponent material is selected by the glacier during sliding, resulting in the formation of moraine, which can both be transported (mobile) and deposited (the genetic species of the ice formations that separated from the glacier). Morena can exist as a separate form of the glacial landscape. The main one consists of loose sediments, which are typical for plains, drumlins and hilly-morainic reliefs.

Water-ice deposits are obtained during sedimentation in the upper layers of the glacier. Morena of this type is filled with coarse rubble and large boulders. Final deposits form at the final point of the glacier's movement with the beginning of its melting. The mineral content of minerals (quartz, mica, feldspar) is directly dependent on rocks that have been crushed under the body of the glacier. The position of moraine inside the ice mass, as well as the processes of transformation of residues during prolonged movement, also influences.

Glacial deposits can be both continental and mountainous. They differ in a number of parameters, in particular the processes of formation of the relief and the forms, composition and types of deposits.