What is a bruise? Main types, description and treatment

What is a bruise? This we will discuss in this article. Also in it you will find information about what degrees are inherent in such a morbid condition.

general information

What is a bruise? Under this notion, damage to tissues and small vessels, as well as their concussions, not accompanied by a breach of the integrity of the skin (with rare exceptions) should be considered.

The difficulty in classifying this condition is that absolutely any part of the body, including internal organs, can be affected by this type of injury.

Features of bruises

Talking about what a bruise, it should be stressed that it is often combined with such types of injuries as concussion, abrasion, ruptures of internal organs, kneading, dislocations and fractures.

Injuries quite often lead to the formation of bruising and bruising. In this case, the coloring of the skin can serve as a certain parameter, on the basis of which it is easy to determine the limitation period of the resulting injury. In the first hours, the color of the site of the injury is reddish-purple. Further it becomes blue-purple, brownish-green and with a yellowish tinge.

Types of injury (degree)

Now you know what a bruise is. In modern medicine, this trauma is classified as follows:

• The first degree. The skin is damaged to an insignificant degree. It can be seen small abrasions or scratches. Such a bruise passes painlessly and independently in 3-4 days.
• The second degree. Trauma is accompanied by muscle rupture, which leads to the formation of a hematoma and the appearance of edema. In this case, the patient feels a sharp pain.
• Third degree. This type includes bone contusion, damage to tendons or muscles, as well as accompanying dislocations. Such shocks are a particular danger if it involves injuries to the head, knee, joints or coccyx.
• Fourth degree. It is the most pronounced and is accompanied by changes that completely disrupt the normal functioning of human organs and systems. Its general condition can be critical.

Consequences of injury

In the event of injury, the consequences do not take long to wait:

• If the shin is bruised, where the subcutaneous tissue and skin adhere to the bone, the necrosis of the tissues and their subsequent rejection is possible.
• When falling on a little protected soft tissue, not only severe pain in the periosteum with its exfoliation, but also bone injuries such as fractures and cracks.
• An oblique stroke with respect to the surface of the skin can cause them to detach from the subcutaneous tissue.
• When striking on soft tissues, a hemorrhage builds up. Do not be surprised if you see that this area of the body is swollen. The bruise is very sore, and the place is soaked with blood, resulting in hemarthrosis.
• When the joint is injured, its function is violated, pain is aggravated.
• When the head is struck, there may be a slight swelling. If the injury is accompanied by weakness, loss of consciousness, nausea and vomiting, then this indicates a concussion or even a bruise of the brain.
• If the neck is damaged, blood flow may be disturbed, which affects the blood supply to the brain.
• When the back or spine is bruised, the circulation of the spinal cord is impaired.
• In case of a chest injury , only local changes are noted, but with a strong impact , breathing may be disturbed or even stop.
• A bruised abdomen is accompanied by organ damage.
• In the place of impact, shallow wounds of the skin and abrasions are formed, through which pathogens of various infections enter the interior of the body.

First aid

What if you got a bruise when you fall? Treatment for such trauma should be carried out necessarily.

First aid in case of injury is to inspect the damaged area. If the trauma occurred on the limb, then it is necessary to check its functions.

If signs of injury to the injured area are found, cold should be applied. This will cause a spasm of the vessels of the microcirculatory channel and contribute to stopping the internal hemorrhage.

Preparations for anesthesia with bruises are best not to use, so as not to miss the deterioration of the patient's condition in case of complications. If there is a certainty that internal injuries are not injured as a result of the injury, then the victim can be given some kind of anesthetic, but not "Aspirin".

In case of severe head injury with loss of consciousness, as well as contusion of the lumbar, thorax or abdomen, in addition to applying a cold compress, the patient should be placed on a hard surface and immediately call an ambulance. Thus it is necessary to trace, that the bruised place was immobilized.

Injuries: treatment at home and in hospital

Treatment of bruises in the hospital is required only when a significant injury occurred. For example, bruises of the head, waist, abdomen and chest require immediate hospitalization of the patient in the surgical department. After the appropriate diagnostic manipulation, doctors decide on further treatment of the injury. In the most severe cases, a surgical operation is performed. Access to the damaged area is carried out by means of endoscopy or by an open method. At the same time, ruptures of parenchymal organs and large vessels are sutured, and the blood that has appeared is removed. After that, the wound is drained.

Simultaneously, the patient is prescribed painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs.

It should also be noted that with minor injuries they can be treated independently. Advocates of traditional medicine recommend the following recommendations:

• On the first day, cold lotions should be applied to the site of the bruise. For their preparation, you should use herbs such as St. John's wort, plantain, wormwood, yarrow and heather.
• Chilled tea brews are also used to treat bruises.
• Another effective remedy for a tumor is the body sponge. Pharmaceutical powder is diluted with water, and then the resulting gruel is lubricated with a place of bruise, and the top is covered with a cloth or a compress.
• To treat the injury in the joint area, you should do a light massage, using a drop of essential oil of fir, geranium or lemon.
• The bruised place can be slightly rubbed with a balm "Asterisk".
• From strong bruises of the extremities helps to get rid of such a simple folk remedy, like cottage cheese. The dairy product in a cold form is applied to the sore spot and held for about ¼ hour.

Using these recipes, you will be able to get rid of the bruise and prevent its consequences in a short period of time.