The oven is Swedish. The oven "Swede": an order. Heating and cooking oven "Swede" with their own hands

If you are building your house or country cottage, think about the construction plan for the type of heating in the future building. Firstly, it is not always possible to construct central heating, especially if the house is far from heating communications, for example, in the village. Secondly, a separate boiler house with its boiler is not a cheap pleasure, and the most successful versions of boilers work from gas, that is, the gas pipeline should be in the closest access. Thirdly, if you are not going to live in a new home all the time, you will get maximum heating that does not need to be preserved for a while, and in case of arrival you can quickly "start". The furnace is the ideal solution.

Wide choice: focus on your needs

First decide what kind of oven you need: "Swede", "Dutchman" or some other. On the Russian stove now rarely stop: it is too cumbersome for modern small buildings, and its main purpose (baking bread) has long been irrelevant. If you need a purely heating design, stop at the "Dutch". It occupies very little space, while a large room can be heated (30 squares is not the limit), but it also cools down very slowly, which allows saving on fuel, as the Dutchman warms even after the flame is extinguished. The furnace at this furnace is very low, not more than 30 cm from the floor. Thanks to this, the room warms evenly throughout the volume. In addition, folk craftsmen on the basis of the Dutch are equipped with water heating, and some manage to install burners on gas also.

And cook, and drown

If the hostess is going to cook in the heating device, the "Swede" oven will be more suitable for you. It is just as sluggish, very well-kept heat, consumes a little firewood or coal, and is even equipped with a surface for cooking. And, as everybody knows, the food prepared on natural fire, where it is more delicious and aromatic, than it, made on gas or electricity. So it turns out that the best option for your out-of-town mansion is heating and cooking ovens. "Swede" - the ideal version of such equipment for a cottage. At the same time you can save on the gas stove and balloon gas.

Design Features

The main part still, probably, is the cooking component. To it is added a heating shield for three channels (the most simple, one-turn). The latter consists of a simple heat exchanger connected to a heat accumulator. It, in turn, can be made in thin-walled or thick-walled variation. The dimensions that the Swedish oven has are ranging from a minimum of 875 mm to a maximum of 1250. There are many options for the design, which is sometimes called this design (usually by the name of the modernizer - Potapov's oven, Kuznetsov's, etc.). The goal of the improvements is usually either a reduction in size, or an increase in heat transfer. But any "Swede" stove with their own hands is easy to make, and the basis for them is the same.

Additional advantages

Note that this version of the heating device, of course, is not the only one. There are other types of heating and cooking stoves. However, the oven "Swede" wins in comparison with them not only relatively small sizes. Even if the dimensions are the same - "Swede" is equipped with a more perfect smoke-defying system. Unlike most designs, the Swedes have smoke flues not only on the sides and at the base; They are provided and above the niche where the hob is located . This contributes to a significant increase in heat transfer, heat storage and efficiency.

Another nuance. There are analog designs made by factory methods and most often from light metal. Do not be mistaken! Of course, a brick oven "Swede" will require considerable effort, time and raw materials for its creation. But no modern version can compare with the quality of the stove, laid out in a "grandfather" way of natural materials.

List of necessary

Naturally, the consumption of materials depends crucially on the size of the future furnace. However, it is not difficult to recalculate the required quantity. If you proceed from the fact that you have planned not a small size, but a medium-sized stove (for example, 102 x 88 x 217), then you will need to buy the following.

The brick will be needed in two varieties: red, M-200 - it will need 550 pieces. Fireclay (also fireproof) will go in the amount of 60. The door for firebox is one; Its dimensions are estimated - you suddenly want to make a furnace hole to make more or less. Standard - 21 x 26 cm, and then - your ideas about the ideal stove in the house. In the kit there are 4 more doors: one blower (for the indicated furnace size it should be 13 x 25 cm) and three clean (their dimensions - 14 x 14). The cast-iron plate is taken 41 x 71 cm, the oven - 45 x 36 x 30, the grid-grate and the damper will still be needed. For a complete set, you will have to buy steel (angled, 4 mm, 4 x 4-meter two and the same sheet) and a sheet that will be laid in front of the furnace. Mortar for bonding bricks - how much will go.

Preparation of bricks

When the Swedish oven is laid out, the order is observed very accurately: the quality of the work of the finished structure depends on this. However, before laying the next row, the brick must be properly processed. Before each row, the bricks are washed thoroughly and within a few seconds 15 are soaked. Why is it done shortly before putting on? So they do not have time to dry out. That is, after soaking the brick is put no later than a quarter of an hour. Dry bricks draw water out of the solution, so you can not wait for a firm grasp. A layer of dust existing on them, prevents their adhesion to each other and to the solution.

However, they can not be kept in water: they are porous and absorb moisture well. Having oversaturated it, the bricks become loose and are no longer suitable for masonry.

Folding the stove

The beginning is always the same: make sure that the selected area is flat, clearly horizontal and coincides with the level of the floor. In order to obtain the "Swedish" oven that is valid and justifying all expectations, the order is observed as follows: 1 st and 2 nd rows are placed in steps; The inner space in the perimeter can be filled with even a broken brick, so long as it's solid. The third row outlines the size and shape of smoke; Rotary bricks in it are rounded to provide a smoother smoke movement. In the same row the masonry of the puddus begins; Here its door is attached. On it is put a jumper of steel. 4th row: fixing the cleaning doors. On the 6th it is necessary to lay the grate (gaps from the brick should be 5-6 mm, they are necessary to take into account the expansion of the metal when heated). From the 6th to the 9th row an oven is built in. In the opening from the 8th to the 10th row, a furnace door is mounted.

On the 12th row the hob is fixed. So that it lay flat and firmly fixed, the 11th is put without mortar. Then the outline of the future plate is outlined, on the bricks the quarters are cut out, which are already put on the mortar. The plate is installed on these quarters in a dense solution and is forced into place with a rubber mallet.

On this complexity and the nuances end: the main "tricky" places and devices are laid out and installed. Further masonry is simple, it remains only to observe its evenness and verticality.

The final stage

So, your oven "Swede" (a photo made for memory and proudly presented to friends) is laid out. It remains only to start the operation correctly. And for this, the oven must be dried. If it's summer outside and there's been no rain, just open all the doors and flaps and open the door to the house. If the window is cool or damp, chimneys are dried by an ordinary fan heater. Then you have to spend a couple of weeks on fire drying - drown twice a day with a small amount of dry small firewood. Take into account that the birch does not work for this - it forms a mass of soot. For inspection, inspect the smoke flaps. If there is no condensation on them - the Swede can be used.

Nice evenings in a warm house and delicious dishes cooked in the oven!