The history of political and legal doctrines and their significance in the modern world

The most important, if not decisive, role in the development of human civilization has always been played by ideologies and beliefs that dominated at different times on the territory of powers and states. The history of political and legal doctrines counts dozens of ideological doctrines that were created by great figures with the goal of transforming society and its improvement. It is noteworthy that almost always the great minds of mankind sought to find the way of development of society that would be distinguished by justice, freedom and human rights. It was for them that people struggled from time immemorial, which in the relatively recent past led to revolutionary transformations of the late XIX-early XX century.

Today, the history of political and legal doctrines is among the historical disciplines that are studied in higher education institutions in the legal and law faculties. The school curriculum also touches on the most important aspects of the formation of a particular political system, as a result of which everyone is able to draw parallels between this or that teaching and the speed of development of science and technology from the school's bench.

If we touch on the earliest theories of antiquity, then we should start from the ancient East, since it was there that, according to official history, the birth of our civilization took place. A characteristic feature of the entire worldview of that era was the religious dogma, according to which all inexplicable things and concepts corresponded to the divine vision of the world. Life at that time was quite complicated, because the form of government in all states was tyranny and despotism, which relied on fear and complete subordination of the rest of society.

However, the history of political and legal doctrines proved to us that such a mode of government eventually gave way to more loyal regimes of government, which moved from the slave system to the feudal system. It should be understood that this happened not just because of it, but as a result of the gradual development of the consciousness of society, as people became more developed and informed. However, the feudal system was based on injustice in relation to the main part of the population, which actually continued to remain completely dependent on the will of the rulers. Only with the era of rebirth begins a bright band in the development of society, which begins to gradually move away from medieval religious fanaticism, and turns to scientific discoveries in various fields of activity. At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, the first universities began to appear, which gradually formed a new enlightened society. It is from this moment on that the history of legal and political doctrines begins to study closely a multitude of trends and trends that are intensively emerging throughout western Europe. The study of natural phenomena is actively going on, new continents and countries are opening up, the cultures of different peoples are gradually penetrating into each other, gradually forming a system of interaction between all people on the basis of respect for the rights and freedoms of each person. As a result of this process, a common legal framework develops and many come to the correct conclusion that the basis of all relationships, both between states and between individuals, should be the principle of respect for the rights and freedoms of another person.

The history of political and legal doctrines includes the works of such great figures as Niccolo Machiavelli, Thomas Mann, Grotius, John Locke, Thomas Morr, Jean Jacques Rousseau and many others. In the twentieth century, a particularly important role was played by the struggle of the well-known political figure Martin Luther King for the equality of the black population in the United States. The great Indian preacher and public figure Mahatma Gandhi in the last century also stood on the path of humanism, having had a significant impact on the whole world history.

The Second World War showed that, despite all the efforts of the early twentieth century, almost the entire civilized world was drawn into the most bloody war in the history of mankind, as a result of which hundreds of millions of people died.

Political and legal doctrines of the second half of the twentieth century differ mainly in the strengthening of humanistic trends, as well as in the intensification of the struggle for human rights and freedoms in various countries. However, despite all the efforts of the world community, we see that modern civilization is in constant tension and various military conflicts prove once again that there are still a lot of unresolved issues on which modern society should find the right answers.