The gall bladder. Symptoms of various diseases

The gallbladder is a hollow organ. It is part of the digestive system. The gall bladder is responsible for increasing the concentration and accumulation of bile, its function also includes maintaining and regulating bile pressure in the ducts at a constant level. In the process of organ reduction (as a rule, after eating fatty foods) bile through the common and bladder ducts comes from it into the duodenum. There she participates in the digestive process.

Anatomy of the gallbladder.

The organ is located on the lower part of the right hepatic lobe, it usually has a pear-shaped (in rare cases, conical) form. The gallbladder has a length of five to fourteen centimeters, width - from two and a half to four centimeters. Capacity, size and shape of the organ can undergo significant changes against the backdrop of pathological processes.

The gall-bladder artery, leaving its own artery of the liver, is responsible for the blood supply of the gallbladder. Two of its branches (arteries) are on the back and front wall of the organ. On the same name veins that flow into the branches of the portal vein inside the liver, venous outflow is carried out. Lymph outflow occurs in the lymph nodes of the liver, which are located near the gallbladder in the region of its neck.

Diseases affecting the gallbladder, symptoms and causes are diverse. The main pathologies of the body include metabolic, functional, parasitic and inflammatory diseases.

Among the functional diseases should be allocated dyskinesia. This pathology is characterized by a motor and evacuation function disorder that is performed by the gallbladder.

Symptoms of the disease manifest painfulness in the right hypochondrium of the stitching, aching or cramping character, which gives to the shoulder, right shoulder blade, back.

Treatment of dyskinesia and other functional pathologies of the gallbladder should, mainly, be aimed at eliminating the causes that provoked them. As a rule, they limit themselves to conservative therapy.

Among the metabolic diseases of the gallbladder should be isolated cholelithiasis and cholesterosis. The second pathology is more typical for obese women aged between thirty-five and sixty-five years with obvious violations in fat metabolism and high levels of cholesterol in the blood. The process of cholesterol deposition often accompanies a congestive gallbladder, the symptoms of which are manifested by the constant pains of the aching, dull character in the right hypochondrium. Increased pain is noted with fast walking, jolting riding, tilting the front trunk, as well as wearing the right arm of gravity. If there are no concrements in the gallbladder, the diagnosis can be significantly hampered.

Often revealed inflammatory processes. Acute or chronic their course provokes a different pathogenic (pathogenic) microflora (streptococcus, E. coli, staphylococcus and others). They penetrate into the gallbladder from the gastrointestinal tract through the vesical and general ducts (infection rising) or through the bile intrahepatic passages (infection descending).

Parasitic diseases (caused by parasites) can also affect the gallbladder. Symptoms, as a rule, appear in the form of disturbances in the work of the intestine, pain in the hypochondrium on the right, in some cases, chills, fever, itching of the skin, weight loss.

Among tumors in the gallbladder, malignant and benign are distinguished. The latter (papillomas, fibroids, adenomas) are asymptomatic or clinical manifestations that are characteristic of cholecystitis in chronic form are noted. Diagnosis of tumor processes is carried out using ultrasound, cholecystography.