The drug "Tramal": reviews, instructions, indications

Opioid analgesics are called central-action drugs, which are used for severe pain syndrome. Such drugs have a special effect on the central nervous system.

There are many medicines with such properties. One of them is Tramal. Instructions for use, reviews, features, indications and side effects of this drug are provided below.

Form, composition

"Tramal" medication, about which everyone can leave, has many forms of release: drops for oral administration, capsules, suppositories rectal and injection. The active ingredient of this drug is tramadol hydrochloride. Also, the composition of medicines includes auxiliary elements (depending on the form of the drug).

Pharmacological properties

What is Tramal? The reviews say that it is an opioid analgesic. It has a pronounced analgesic property, which is explained by its agonistic effect on the receptors located in the central nervous system.

This medication is an opioid (synthetic). It is a racemate of negative and positive isomers, which in one way or another participate in analgesic action.

A positive isomer is a pure opioid receptor agonist. As for the negative, it is able to inhibit the seizure (neuronal) of norepinephrine, and also to activate the central noradrenergic descending system. Ultimately, this leads to a violation of the transmission of pain impulses to the substance (gelatin) of the spinal cord.

Both present isomers act synergistically.

This drug causes sedation. In therapeutic dosages, it practically does not inhibit the work of respiratory organs and does not have any effect on hemodynamics.

With controlled intake of drugs, addiction and dependence are extremely rare. By the way, with the use of morphine, these are more pronounced.

Kinetics

Is the drug "Tramal" absorbed? Reviews report that when ingested, it is absorbed by 90%.

After intramuscular injection, the peak concentration of the drug in the blood occurs after one hour.

The medicament in question penetrates the placental barrier and the BBB. It also excels with mother's milk.

The drug is excreted through the kidneys.

Indications

In what cases is a Tramal medication necessary? Reviews (in the case of oncology this drug is used very often), it is said that the agent in question is indicated for pain syndrome of strong and medium intensity of various origin:

• With injuries;
• During the postoperative period;
• With pain that arose due to myocardial infarction;
• When performing painful medical or diagnostic manipulations.

Contraindications

When should not you use Tramal? The experts' comments point to such contraindications as:

• Simultaneous administration of MAO inhibitors, as well as two weeks after their withdrawal;
• Conditions that are accompanied by severe CNS depression or respiratory depression (eg, alcohol poisoning, opioid analgesics, hypnotics or psychotropic drugs);
• Renal failure, which occurs in a serious degree;
• Withdrawal of narcotic drugs;
• Hepatic failure is severe;
• Hypersensitivity.

All these moments must be taken into account.

The drug "Tramal": instructions for use

The injections, which will be reviewed further, can be administered intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

Inside this medicine should be taken before, during or after a meal. Capsules are washed down with ordinary water, and the solution is dripped onto a piece of sugar or diluted in a small volume of liquid.

As for rectal suppositories, they are injected into the rectum.

Dosage of the drug in question is established depending on the intensity of pain.

In what cases do injections "Tramal"? Feedback suggests that this form of the drug is used only if it is required to achieve a rapid analgesic effect.

Adverse events

Like other analgesics, the drug in question can cause many adverse reactions, such as:

• Redness of the skin, nausea, cerebral cramps, dry mouth, feeling tired, vomiting;
• Dizziness, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat, bloating;
• Changes in appetite, drowsiness, headache, tachycardia, mood changes, depression, behavioral disorders, changes in activity, difficulty in swallowing water;
• Syncope, muscle weakness, collapse;
• Rash on the skin, constipation, motor weakness, confusion, increased sweating.

Special Recommendations

With special care, this medication is prescribed for people with impaired liver and kidney function, with increased intracranial pressure, abdominal pain, craniocerebral trauma, epilepsy, and respiratory disorders.

The use of alcohol during therapy with this drug should be excluded.

Reviews

Most patients say that the drug "Tramal" is a very strong and effective opioid analgesic. Any form of it quite quickly eliminates even the most severe pain syndromes, greatly facilitating the patient's condition.

The disadvantages of this drug include a large number of manifestations of adverse reactions, as well as an impressive list of contraindications.