The demographic policy of China. Population of China

To date, China remains the most populous country in the world. This is confirmed by data from independent demographic statistics. According to the research, every fifth person on the planet is Chinese. It would seem that the issues of demography in this country should not stand. But in practice this is not so. The government should decide on the social security of its citizens, and given their number, this is not so easy. In this regard, China has seriously engaged in the planning of fertility.

Numerical Characteristics of China

Everyone knows that the Chinese are the most numerous nation on Earth. However, it is rather difficult to name the exact figure. Official data on the PRC state that the population of China is more than one and a half billion people. But is it really so, no one can say, since a full-fledged population census has never been conducted here.

Initially, it was decided to carry out this process for each court. In the past, people were considered after the absorption of salt per household or with postal remittances. Since that time , China's demographic policy has changed. About what this led to, and find out later.

After the fall of the Empire, the population copied only four times:

• In 1953 the number of China was 588 million people;
• In 1964 - 705 million people;
• In 1982, one billion people;
• In 1990 it was 1.13 billion people.

Distinctive features of China

Not all the territories are populated in China. Due to a variety of climatic zones, multi-faceted Chinese nature, areas of overpopulated and deserted areas appeared.

Mostly people settled in the plains, near the sea. The population prefers to have constant access to water, and therefore, settle in places where there are streams or rivers. The economy of China still depends heavily on agriculture. Therefore, the state continues to promote the creation of farms and public fields. And this is possible only on fertile soils.

The main occupation of the peasants was fishing and growing rice. Both require active cooperation with water resources. So the deltas of the main rivers of Zhujiang and Yangtze are even overpopulated. The south of the Chinese Great Plain and the Sichuan Basin have also become locations of megalopolises. The number of China in these places exceeds a billion people.

But where the mountains are located, cities and villages are extremely rare. Often land in the highlands is taken for cultivation of plants suitable for the area itself.

Gender composition

The Republic of China has for a long time pursued a policy that presupposes the presence of only one child in the family. Preference was given to boys. In order to reduce the birth rate, a family that had more children than allowed is subject to fines, which were determined by the laws of China.

As for the ratio of the sexes, today 51.6% of the population are men. And this figure increases from year to year. But China's demographic policy has not always been so harsh.

Economic justification

The Republic of China is considered one of the most actively developing countries. It is characterized by the processes of formation of the economy, a change in policy and the transition to high-tech manufacturing processes. The main task in this situation, according to the decision of the authorities, is to limit the birth rate. What is the reason? The answer is simple: China's economy is simply not able to feed such a large number of citizens.

This is why, since the mid-sixties of the last century, the PRC has limited the growth of the population by imposing prohibitions on the number of children in one family.

At first it was possible to have three offspring. But over time, the law limited the rules to two. And a little later, families with one baby became relevant.

Advertising for demographic purposes

On the streets of the PRC you can find such advertising signs as "One child is a concern for the future" or "Give birth to one" and the like.

The government was thinking about actively implementing a program for planning a future family. The Chinese are set as an example of the fact that people who have only one child can afford to provide him with a decent future, dress him, shoe, and give him what he deserves.

Positively affected such agitation in cities with a large number of residents. Couples try to limit themselves in the number of children. The authorities encourage law-abiding citizens.

Those who have only one baby are given certain benefits. So, they can get housing in the first place, arrange a child free of charge in the kindergarten, give him an education in the best university. Children from rural areas are given large plots of land.

Such a demographic policy of China has brought positive results. Population growth was stopped. However, this factor contributed to the famine.

The first reforms undertaken by Mao Zedong caused an unprecedented decline in the economy, and as a result, for three years, from 1959 to 1961, according to various estimates, about 16,000,000 people died.

Large families

The decline in the population during the Great Chinese Famine has borne fruit. Now China's demographic policy is aimed only at preventing spontaneous population growth. In the Republic of China, a couple who has had two children, must give up the premium received for one child, and reimburse everything the state paid them earlier. Also this family will be fined additionally. They will require an amount, which, depending on the salary and place of residence will be from a couple of hundred and up to a couple of thousands of Chinese yuan.

Late Wedding

The authorities of the country are sure that the most deliberate is the marriage, which is in adulthood. In China, the bar of the permitted time of marriage was raised. So, girls can bind themselves with the bonds of Hymenyum only at the age of twenty. Guys are only allowed to marry after reaching 22 years of age.

However, those young people who are still studying at a university can not marry. The administration often excludes such students for such a reckless act. But, despite this, in recent years, guys and girls often think about the wedding at a young age. The ancient custom again becomes popular. The characteristics of China would be incomplete, if not to dwell on this point in more detail.

Features of marriage traditions

Traditions continue to play an important role in the life of this nation. Despite all the efforts of modern politicians to make the state renewed, in some villages and settlements are still medieval rites.

Even in the capital of the PRC, Beijing, until recently, the parents of the bride and groom agreed on the conclusions of the marriage. It was the mother and father who chose the right partner for their child for life. Refusing to agree on the council of senior relatives of the candidate meant to reject the whole family.

But recently the situation began to change. Girls and guys themselves prefer to look for a pair. Moreover, representatives of the beautiful half of humanity often take a leading position in this process.

With regard to divorce, the statistics in China on them is small. In Western countries, divorce is ten times more common. Nevertheless, in the Middle Kingdom they also think about the problem that has arisen with the increased number of divorces.

The territory of China is quite extensive. There are many different ethnic groups. For them, completely different rules apply. They can have as many children as they want. They are not subject to benefits. In addition, since the territory of China is quite extensive, many indigenous people tend to move from large cities to more tranquil and less populated regions. Therefore, there is a pronounced migration of the population within the country.

Problems of society. The demographic policy of China is brief

Because of the course to reduce the population, the Chinese in the modern world began to suffer and from the problems caused by this policy. So, the population does not have the proper balance between the newborn and the dying generation. As a result, in the People's Republic of China the number of pensioners is much higher than the number of young people.

In 2000, according to official estimates of social institutions, it turned out that on average the inhabitants of the country live 71 years. More than ninety million Chinese have already reached the age threshold of 65 years. They are 7% in the country.

Now the state is trying to draw the attention of all citizens to the fact that the problem of the older generation only increases. It exists, and no one is able to solve it yet. Very soon, the country's losses on pensions, material maintenance, and the issue of free medicines to old people will exceed the earnings of young Chinese who enter the treasury.

On the other hand, China's policy is aimed at reducing the population even more in the next 20 years. According to experts, the PRC will soon overtake other countries in all social indicators.

The problem of children

However, most believe that China's future has been threatened. To replace the combat, open to any task set, children from large families came pampered loners who can not cope even with elementary tasks.

Growing up from their parents as their only pet, the Chinese continues to use the tutelage of the elders for the most unimportant matters. In some of them selfishness is too strong to do the right things, to make some sacrifices for the good of the nation and to think about someone other than yourself. Traditions that would teach how to raise one child in China has not yet been worked out.

The press is full of headlines about how children dare to do too selfish things, which can usually shock people from other countries. Moms and fathers indulge their children, helping to brush their teeth, tie their shoelaces, take a shower for up to ten years. In the end, they can not even dress without help.

Parents become hyper-caring. They plan the whole life of their child. Often, without asking the views of their son or daughter, they are given to study in those specialties that are highly valued in China. This does not take into account the level of abilities of the future student, his hobby, inclination to the subject.

Parents try to arrange a child in life. According to traditional Chinese families, the boy brings happiness to the house, and with the birth of the girl it ends. A man can usually stay with his parents, while a woman goes to her husband's house. In the village family, they also try to give birth to a boy, so that he helps out more on the field.

All this makes politicians seriously think. The territory of China is not fully developed. There is a need to populate desert regions. It is quite possible that soon this fact will be the occasion for a local change in the demographic policy.

Realities of our time

China's peculiar demographic policy and certain foundations and prejudices in society lead to the fact that young women get rid of pregnancy if ultrasound shows that a girl may appear. Often near the hospital, in garbage cans on the street, buried in the ground, the bodies of newborn babies are found.

The state forbids killing children. However, it also imposes a penalty for the birth of a second child. In this light, it becomes quite understandable why women in the CPR dare to such horrors.

Such features of China give scientists an opportunity to argue that if the number of children born before 2050 does not increase, then the main part of the country's population will become pensioners at the age of fifty to ninety years.