Insects with complete transformation: examples, table

Complete and incomplete transformation of insects determines the difference in their development and life activity. Especially it concerns the development and adaptation to unfavorable conditions. Insects with a complete transformation will be discussed in our article.

General characteristics of the class Insects

Insects are the most numerous class of the type Arthropods. Their distinctive features are the differentiation of the body to the head, chest and abdomen, as well as the presence of segmented limbs. Insects have six walking legs and one pair of antennae. On the chest most of them are wings. They are double folds of covers.

All insects are characterized by indirect development. This means that they have a stage of the larva. But its metamorphosis can proceed in different ways. For example, insects with complete transformation for a certain time are in the form of a pupa. During this period they do not eat, which provides them with a painless experience of unfavorable conditions.

Incomplete transformation

Let us consider the main phases, which constitute a complete and incomplete transformation of insects. As a result of fertilization, in both cases a larva hatch from the egg. In development with incomplete transformation, it in general resembles an adult, but has no wings. Such a larva eats and grows. Since its covers are not capable of stretching, this stage is accompanied by molting. Only under this condition is it possible to increase the size and its transformation into an adult.

Insects with full transformation molt at the stage of the larva, but after that turn into a pupa. Representatives of the squires of the Spiny Wings and Lice do not. Their larva immediately develops into an adult. Examples of such insects are grasshoppers, dykes, bear cubs, locusts, clothes and human lice.

That is, with development with incomplete transformation, the insects pass through the following stages: an egg, a larva and an adult.

Insect cycle with complete transformation

Complete transformation involves the development of the larva of the pupa. It does not look like an adult. Pupae have no wings and eyes. Their limbs can be shortened or completely absent. Some insects form temporary larval organs. For example, butterfly caterpillars have false legs.

Insects with full transformation moult several times at the stage of the larva. Then they pupate. In this period, almost complete restructuring of the body. At this stage, insects do not feed and do not move. There is an erroneous opinion that the pupa forms an additional cover on top. In fact, this is not so. At all stages, insects are covered only with the cuticle. The development from the larva to the pupa, and then to the adult insect is accompanied by periodic molts.

Insects with complete transformation: table

Insects, which in the process of development pass the pupal stage, are more numerous. Since during this period the animal can not eat, in this form it is possible to tolerate unfavorable conditions. For example, so many butterflies winter. Insect groups with a complete transformation and their main characteristics are presented in our table.

Beetles

Gestokrylye represent the most numerous detachment. In total, there are about 300 thousand species. Representatives of the detachment can be found on all sections of land and in fresh water. All of them have rigid elytra, often painted in different colors. Remember how noticeable on the background of green leaves the Colorado beetle. This color is called caution.

Beetles feed on leaves or smaller animals. So, ladybugs eat aphids, and the beauties are caterpillars of butterflies. The development of insects with complete transformation, including beetles, occurs in several stages: an egg, a larva, a pupa, an adult insect - an imago. And they all differ in appearance. If the larvae are like caterpillars, then the imago has all the signs of arthropods.

Lepidoptera

Insects with complete transformation, examples of which we now consider, are among the most beautiful representatives of the animal world. Their scientific name is associated with the structure of the wings, which are covered with scales. But everyone used to call them butterflies, which in the translation from the Orthodox means "old woman, grandmother." This is due to the ancient belief that these insects are infused with the souls of the dead.

Salivary glands of caterpillars of butterflies allocate a special substance from which filaments are formed. Of these, insects weave protective shells - cocoons or attach pupae to various objects. The threads of silkworm moths, the length of which can reach 2 km, are used to produce natural fabrics.

Hymenoptera

Detachments of insects with complete transformation can not be imagined without the public representatives of the Hymenoptera. First of all, these are honey bees and ants. They live in large groups, within which clearly assigned responsibilities. Thus, the bee family consists of a queen (uterus), males - drones and numerous working individuals.

A similar pattern is observed in anthills. These insects are real workers. Building dwellings, they mix the soil, increase its porosity and enrich it with organic substances. Ants are also considered unsurpassed "strongmen". These unique insects are able to lift weight exceeding their own approximately 25 times. This is possible due to the extraordinary strength of the contraction of their muscles.

Diptera

Representatives of the order Diptera are also insects with complete transformation. They are easy to recognize by their characteristic buzz. This sound occurs when the modified rear pair of wings oscillates. They are called buzzers and ensure the balance of the insect during the flight.

Contrary to popular belief, the main food for mosquitoes is the nectar of flowers. But females of some species really feed on human and animal blood. This substance is necessary for them to form eggs. Thus mosquitoes can transfer dangerous diseases, for example, a malaria.

Flies are also dangerous insects. These people, at first sight innocuous, dwellers eat human food. Therefore, their larvae develop in clusters of organic matter: garbage pits, rubbish, animal corpses. As a result, a large number of viruses, helminth eggs, bacteria spores are present on the surface of their body and in the digestive tract. They flies food and pollute them. Using them, a person can catch dysentery, typhoid, tuberculosis and other dangerous diseases.

Fleas

Another blood-sucking insect with a complete transformation is fleas. As a result of the parasitic way of life, they are completely devoid of wings. They have a piercing-sucking oral apparatus, through which they feed on the blood of man and mammals.

Fleas are very small in size. Their body, flattened from the sides, barely reaches 5 mm. It increases in size due to the growth of the abdomen as it is filled with blood. But flea larvae feed on organic remains. Therefore, they can be found on the floor of apartment houses and burrows of rodents.

Fleas are very dangerous. They suffer a number of bacterial and viral diseases. These include salmonellosis, tularemia, hepatitis B and C, tick-borne encephalitis, typhus, plague, myxomatosis.

So, insects with a complete transformation, examples of which we have considered in our article, are represented by the following orders: Beetles, Butterflies, Fleas, Hymenoptera and Diptera. The larvae of these insects differ significantly from adult individuals. And during the transformation they have a complete metamorphosis of the body. When developing with complete transformation, insects pass through the stages of the egg, larva, pupae and adult insect-imago.