The creators of Slavonic writing. Who created the Slavic script in the 9th century?

Not all people know what is celebrated on May 24, but it is even impossible to imagine what would become of us if this day in 863 turned out to be quite different and the writers refused to do their work.

Who created the Slavic script in the 9th century? It was Cyril and Methodius, and this event happened on May 24, 863, which led to the celebration of one of the most important events in the history of mankind. Now the Slavic peoples could use their own writing, and not borrow the languages of other peoples.

The creators of the Slavonic writing - Cyril and Methodius?

The history of the development of the Slavic script is not as "transparent" as it may seem at first sight, there are different opinions about its creators. There is an interesting fact that Cyril, even before he started working on the creation of the Slavic alphabet, was in Chersonese (today it is Crimea), from where he could take the sacred writings of the Gospel or the Psalter, which at that time were written exactly with the letters of the Slavic alphabet. This fact makes you wonder: who created the Slavic writing, Cyril and Methodius really wrote the alphabet or took a ready-made job?

However, in addition to the fact that Cyril brought the ready alphabet from Chersonesos, there are other proofs that the creators of the Slavic writing were other people, who lived long before Cyril and Methodius.

Arab sources of historical events say that 23 years before Cyril and Methodius created the Slavic alphabet, namely in the 40s of the 9th century, there were baptized people who had books written in Slavonic language. There is also another serious fact proving that the creation of the Slavic script took place even earlier than the announced date. The essence is that Pope Leo IV had a diploma issued before 863, which consisted precisely of the letters of the Slavic alphabet, and on the throne, this figure was in the interval from 847 to 855 years of the IX century.

Another, but also important, fact of the proof of the more ancient origin of the Slavonic script is the statement of Catherine II, who during her reign wrote that the Slavs are more ancient people than is generally believed, and they have a written language since the days preceding the Nativity of Christ.

Evidence of the ancient Slavic language in other peoples

The creation of the Slavic script until the year 863 can prove other facts that are present in the documents of other peoples living in ancient times and using other varieties of writing in due time. There are a lot of such sources, and they meet with a Persian historian named Ibn Fodlan, El Massoudi, as well as a few later authors in well-known works, where it is said that the Slavic writing was formed before the Slavs had books.

The historian, who lived on the border of the 9th and 10th centuries, maintained that the Slavic people are more ancient and more developed than the Romans, and as proof, he cited some monuments that allow us to determine the antiquity of the origin of the Slavic people and their written language.

And the last fact that can seriously affect the course of people's thoughts in finding an answer to the question of who created the Slavic script is the coins that have different letters of the Russian alphabet, dated by earlier dates than the year 863, and located on the territories of such European Countries like England, Scandinavia, Denmark and others.

Refutation of the ancient origin of the Slavonic script

Alleged creators of the Slavic writing a little "missed" with one: they left no books and documents written in this ancient language. However, for many scientists it is enough that the Slavic script is present on various stones, rocks, weapons and household items that were used by the ancient inhabitants in their daily lives.

Many scientists worked on the study of historical achievements in the writing of the Slavs, but a senior researcher named Grinevich could reach almost the very source, and his work enabled the decipherment of any text written in the Old Slavonic language.

Grinevich's work in the study of the Slavonic script

In order to understand the writing of the ancient Slavs, Grinevich had to do a great job, during which he discovered that it was not based on letters, but had a more complex system that worked at the expense of syllables. The scientist himself absolutely believed that the formation of the Slavic alphabet began 7,000 years ago.

The signs of the Slavic alphabet had a different basis, and after grouping all the symbols Grinevich singled out four categories: linear, separating symbols, graphic and restrictive signs.

For research, Grinevich used about 150 different inscriptions that were present on all sorts of subjects, and all his achievements were based on decoding precisely these symbols.

Grinevich in the course of research has found out that the history of Slavic writing is older, and the ancient Slavs used 74 characters. However, there are too many letters for the alphabet, and if we talk about whole words, there can not be only 74 words in their language. These reflections led the researcher to think that in the alphabet the Slavs used syllables instead of letters.

Example: "horse" - syllable "lo"

His approach made it possible to decipher the inscriptions on which many scientists fought and could not understand what they meant. And it turned out that everything is quite simple:

1. The pot, which was found near Ryazan, had an inscription - an instruction where it was said that it should be put in an oven and closed.
2. The sinker, which was found near the Troitsk city, had a simple inscription: "It weighs 2 ounces."

All the above-mentioned proofs completely refute the fact that the creators of the Slavonic script are Cyril and Methodius, and prove the antiquity of our language.

Slavic runes in the creation of the Slavonic script

The one who created the Slavic script was quite a smart and brave person, because such an idea at that time could ruin the creator at the expense of the ignorance of all other people. But apart from the letter, other variants of the dissemination of information to people - the Slavic runes - were invented.

In total, 18 runes are found in the world, which are present on a large number of different products made of ceramics, stone statues and other artifacts. As an example, you can bring ceramic products from the village of Lepesovka, located in southern Volhynia, as well as a clay vessel in the village of Voiskovo. In addition to the evidence located on the territory of Russia, there are monuments that are in Poland and were discovered as far back as 1771. They also have Slavic runes. Do not forget the temple of Radegast, located in Retra, where the walls are decorated with Slavic symbols. The last place, which scientists learned from Titmar of Merseburg, is a temple fortress and is located on an island called Rügen. There is a large number of idols, the names of which are written with the use of runes of Slavic origin.

Slavonic writing. Cyril and Methodius as creators

Creation of writing is attributed to Cyril and Methodius, and in support of this, historical data of the corresponding period of their life are given, which is described in some detail. They affect the meaning of their activities, as well as the reasons for working on creating new symbols.

Cyril and Methodius to create the alphabet led to the conclusion that other languages can not fully reflect the Slavic speech. This stiffness is proved by the works of the blacksmith of the Brave, in which it was noted that before the adoption of the Slavic alphabet in general use, baptism was carried out either in Greek or Latin, and already at that time it became clear that they could not reflect all the sounds that filled our speech .

Political influence on the Slavic alphabet

Politics began to influence society from the very beginning of the birth of countries and religions, and she also put her hand to the Slavic alphabet, as well as to other aspects of people's lives.

As described above, services for the baptism of the Slavs were conducted either in Greek or in Latin, which allowed other churches to influence the minds and strengthen the minds of the Slavs in their heads.

Those countries where the liturgies were held not in Greek but in Latin received the strengthening of the influence of the German priests on the faith of the people, and this was unacceptable for the Byzantine church, and she took the reciprocal step, instructing Cyril and Methodius to create a written language on which the writing would be written Service and sacred texts.

The Byzantine Church correctly reasoned at that time, and its intentions were such that the one who created the Slavic script on the basis of the Greek alphabet will help to weaken the influence of the German church on all the Slavic countries at the same time and at the same time help to bring the people closer to Byzantium. These actions can also be considered as dictated by self-interest.

Who created the Slavic script on the basis of the Greek alphabet? Created Cyril and Methodius, and for this work they were chosen by the Byzantine church not by chance. Cyril grew up in the city of Solun, which although Greek, but about half of its residents spoke fluent Slavic, and Cyril himself was well versed in it, and also had an excellent memory.

Byzantium and its role

As for when works on the creation of the Slavic writing began, there are quite serious disputes, after all, May 24 is an official date, but there is a big time gap in history that creates a discrepancy.

After Byzantium gave this difficult task, Cyril and Methodius began the development of Slavonic writing and in 864 arrived in Moravia with the ready-made Slavic alphabet and the fully translated Gospel, where they recruited students for the school.

After receiving the assignment from the Byzantine Church, Cyril and Methodius go to Morvia. During their journey they are engaged in writing the alphabet and translating the texts of the Gospel into the Slavonic language, and already on arrival in the city in their hands are ready works. However, the road to Moravia takes not so much time. Perhaps, this time interval allows creating the alphabet, but it is simply impossible to translate the Gospel letters in such a short time, which indicates the advancement of the Slavonic language and the translation of texts.

Cyril's disease and his care

After three years of work in his own school of Slavic writing, Cyril refuses this matter and leaves for Rome. This turn of events was caused by the disease. Cyril left everything for a quiet death in Rome. Mefody, being alone, continues to pursue his goal and does not retreat back, although now it has become more difficult, because the Catholic Church began to understand the scope of the work done and is not delighted with this. The Roman church imposes bans on translations into the Slavic language and openly demonstrates its discontent, however, Methodius now has followers who help and continue his work.

Cyrillic and Glagolitic - which marked the beginning of modern writing?

There are no confirmed facts that can prove which of the letters originated earlier, and there is no exact information about who created the Slavic script in Russia and to which of the two possible ones Kirill put his hand. Only one thing is known, but most importantly, it is the Cyrillic alphabet that became the founder of today's Russian alphabet and only thanks to it we can write as we write now.

Cyrillic has 43 letters in its composition, and the fact that its creator is Cyril, proves the presence in it of 24 letters of the Greek alphabet. The rest 19 creators of the Cyrillic alphabet on the basis of the Greek alphabet were included solely to reflect the complex sounds that were present only among peoples who used the Slavic language for communication.

Over time, the Cyrillic alphabet was transformed, almost constantly influenced by it in order to simplify and improve. However, there were moments that at first hampered the letter, for example, the letter "e", which is analogous to "e", the letter "i" - the analogue "and". Such letters at first complicated the spelling, but reflected the corresponding sounds.

Glagolitsa, in fact, was an analog of the Cyrillic alphabet and used 40 letters, 39 of them were taken from Cyrillic. The main difference of the Glagolitic is that it has a more rounded style of writing and it does not have angularity, in contrast to the Cyrillic.

The disappeared alphabet (Glagolitic), although not adopted, was intensively used by Slavs living in the southern and western latitudes, and, depending on the location of the inhabitants, she had her own writing styles. The Slavs living in Bulgaria used for writing the Glagolitic with a more rounded style, and the Croatian ones gravitated toward an angular letter.

Despite the number of hypotheses and even the absurdity of some of them, each is worthy of attention, and one can not exactly answer who are the creators of the Slavonic writing. The answers will be vague, with many shortcomings and shortcomings. And although there are many facts that refute the creation of writing by Cyril and Methodius, they are honored for their works, which allowed the alphabet to spread and transform to the present kind.