What significance did the Soviet government attach to eliminating illiteracy. The people and the educational program

Literacy of the population is one of the signs of the development of the state. That is why many are interested in what significance the Soviet government attached to the elimination of illiteracy. Yes, just paramount! According to statistics for 1919, most of the population of the post-imperial territories were not familiar with the writing.

Decree "On the elimination of illiteracy in the RSFSR"

Peasants and workers emerged on the first roles in the social hierarchy of society on the ideology of the CPSU (B.). It was among these categories of society that the overwhelming majority of non-written people were.

To understand the importance attached by the Soviet government to the elimination of illiteracy, one can, having read the main provisions of the decree of 1919. The compulsory acquisition of a basic level of education for people between 8 and 50 years of age was established. The eradication of illiteracy in the USSR fell on the shoulders of local councils.

In these years in our state, primary schools were massively created. It was the struggle against illiteracy of the absolute majority of the population that was their main task. The term of instruction in the school was set individually by the council. Why? And yet there was a civil war, and many of the production had to be restored from the destruction caused by the military actions of the First World War and the civilian war.

Since 1919 the formation of the education system of the USSR actually began . Before the revolution, there were very few educational institutions in the villages for the population. The only place where children received knowledge of the basics of reading and writing was parochial schools. With the advent of Soviet power, the state system of education is actively developing, which eventually gave an opportunity to receive, at least, primary education for all small citizens of the USSR.

Who could not have been trained in literacy centers?

Did everyone want to get knowledge? Of course, no. There is interesting information on the Orel region. In 1923 there were found about 430 illiterate children over 8 years old. According to the Decree, all of them had to attend classes at the educational centers. I managed to cover only 134 people.

We can clearly see the importance attached by the Soviet government to the elimination of illiteracy, but at the same time some categories of citizens did not have to attend classes on literacy. The main preferential categories are:

• If the host or mistress in the family is one (one) - because the person does not have enough time to farm and study;
• People who had a certificate of illness (in modern terms - "sick leave");
• Defective (most likely, disabled people who do not see, hear or can not move);
• Persons who are engaged in public works;
• Pregnant women with a gestation period of 6 months, such women were obliged to appear at the educational center after a month after the birth of the child (the period was extended to one year if the woman was breast-feeding).

Results of struggle against illiteracy

Knowing the importance attached by the Soviet government to the elimination of illiteracy, it can not be said that it was possible to train all people except for preferential categories. Based on the data of the nationwide census of 1937, 25% of the population still remained illiterate. Most of them, of course, are rural residents.

Having studied the unofficial data, we will understand that the real situation was even worse. Most of those who were considered literate were able only to sign, write their names and surnames, and also the name of their settlement. A real breakthrough in the struggle against illiteracy was only outlined when the connection between the city and the village became as strong as possible.